Iron deficiency across chronic inflammatory conditions: International expert opinion on definition, diagnosis, and management

• Published in: American journal of hematology Vol. 92; no. 10; pp. 1068 - 1078
• Main Authors: Cappellini, Maria Domenica, Comin‐Colet, Josep, de Francisco, Angel, Dignass, Axel, Doehner, Wolfram, Lam, Carolyn S., Macdougall, Iain C., Rogler, Gerhard, Camaschella, Clara, Kadir, Rezan, Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Spahn, Donat R., Taher, Ali T., Musallam, Khaled M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.10.2017; John Wiley and Sons Inc
• Subjects: Administration, Oral; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency - blood; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency - drug therapy; Chronic Disease; Chronic illnesses; Coronary artery disease; Critical Review; Critical Reviews; Diagnosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Disease Management; Heart diseases; Heart Failure - blood; Heart Failure - drug therapy; Hematinics - administration & dosage; Hematinics - therapeutic use; Hematology; Hemoglobin; Humans; Inflammation; Inflammatory bowel diseases; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - blood; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - drug therapy; Inflammatory diseases; Injections, Intravenous; Intestine; Iron; Iron - administration & dosage; Iron - blood; Iron - deficiency; Iron - therapeutic use; Kidney diseases; Morbidity; Nutrient deficiency; Quality of life; Renal failure; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - blood; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - drug therapy
• ISSN: 0361-8609; 1096-8652; 1096-8652
• DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24820

Iron deficiency, even in the absence of anemia, can be debilitating, and exacerbate any underlying chronic disease, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Iron deficiency is frequently concomitant with chronic inflammatory disease; however, iron deficiency treatment is often overlooked, partially due to the heterogeneity among clinical practice guidelines. In the absence of consistent guidance across chronic heart failure, chronic kidney disease and inflammatory bowel disease, we provide practical recommendations for iron deficiency to treating physicians: definition, diagnosis, and disease‐specific diagnostic algorithms. These recommendations should facilitate appropriate diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency to improve quality of life and clinical outcomes.