Geographic Distribution of Epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (EHNV) in Freshwater Fish in South Eastern Australia: Lost Opportunity for a Notifiable Pathogen to Expand Its Geographic Range

• Published in: Viruses Vol. 11; no. 4; p. 315
• Main Authors: Becker, Joy A, Gilligan, Dean, Asmus, Martin, Tweedie, Alison, Whittington, Richard J
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01.04.2019; MDPI
• Subjects: Animal Structures - virology; Animals; antibody; Australia - epidemiology; biosecurity; Blood - virology; Disease; Disease Outbreaks; DNA Virus Infections - epidemiology; DNA Virus Infections - veterinary; DNA Virus Infections - virology; ELISA; endemic disease; Epidemics; epidemiology; Fish; Fish Diseases - epidemiology; Fish Diseases - virology; Geographical distribution; Infections; iridovirus; Mortality; native-fish conservation; Necrosis; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Pathogens; prevalence; ranavirus; Ranavirus - isolation & purification; Rivers; Spleen; Topography, Medical; Trout; virus isolation; Viruses; Australia; epidemiology; native-fish conservation; prevalence; biosecurity; antibody; ranavirus; endemic disease; virus isolation; ELISA; iridovirus
• ISSN: 1999-4915; 1999-4915
• DOI: 10.3390/v11040315

(EHNV) was originally detected in Victoria, Australia in 1984. It spread rapidly over two decades with epidemic mortality events in wild redfin perch ( ) and mild disease in farmed rainbow trout ( ) being documented across southeastern Australia in New South Wales (NSW), the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), Victoria, and South Australia. We conducted a survey for EHNV between July 2007 and June 2011. The disease occurred in juvenile redfin perch in ACT in December 2008, and in NSW in December 2009 and December 2010. Based on testing 3622 tissue and 492 blood samples collected from fish across southeastern Australia, it was concluded that EHNV was most likely absent from redfin perch outside the endemic area in the upper Murrumbidgee River catchment in the Murray⁻Darling Basin (MDB), and it was not detected in other fish species. The frequency of outbreaks in redfin perch has diminished over time, and there have been no reports since 2012. As the disease is notifiable and a range of fish species are known to be susceptible to EHNV, existing policies to reduce the likelihood of spreading out of the endemic area are justified.