Transfer Entropy of West Pacific Earthquakes to Inner Van Allen Belt Electron Bursts

• Published in: Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 24; no. 3; p. 359
• Main Author: Fidani, Cristiano
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 02.03.2022; MDPI
• Subjects: Bursts; Complex systems; Conditional probability; Dynamical systems; Earthquakes; electron precipitations; Energy; Entropy (Information theory); High energy electrons; Information theory; Ionosphere; Lithosphere; mutual information; Radiation belts; Satellites; Software; Statistical analysis; Statistical correlation; Statistical models; strong earthquakes; Time lag; transfer entropy; strong earthquakes; statistical correlation; mutual information; electron precipitations; transfer entropy
• ISSN: 1099-4300; 1099-4300
• DOI: 10.3390/e24030359

Lithosphere-ionosphere non-linear interactions create a complex system where links between different phenomena can remain hidden. The statistical correlation between West Pacific strong earthquakes and high-energy electron bursts escaping trapped conditions was demonstrated in past works. Here, it is investigated from the point of view of information. Starting from the conditional probability statistical model, which was deduced from the correlation, the Shannon entropy, the joint entropy, and the conditional entropy are calculated. Time-delayed mutual information and transfer entropy have also been calculated analytically here for binary events: by including correlations between consecutive earthquake events, and between consecutive earthquakes and electron bursts. These quantities have been evaluated for the complex dynamical system of lithosphere-ionosphere; although the expressions calculated by probabilities resulted in being valid for each pair of binary events. Peaks occurred for the same time delay as in the correlations, Δt = 1.5-3.5 h, and as well as for a new time delay, Δt = -58.5--56.5 h, for the transfer entropy; this last is linked to EQ self-correlations from the analysis. Even if the low number of self-correlated EQs makes this second peak insignificant in this case, it is of interest to separate the non-linear contribution of the transfer entropy of binary events in the study of a complex system.