Catalytic fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass
Increasing energy demand, especially in the transportation sector, and soaring CO 2 emissions necessitate the exploitation of renewable sources of energy. Despite the large variety of new energy carriers, liquid hydrocarbon still appears to be the most attractive and feasible form of transportation...
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| Published in | Chemical Society reviews Vol. 43; no. 22; pp. 7594 - 7623 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
England
21.11.2014
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Summary: | Increasing energy demand, especially in the transportation sector, and soaring CO
2
emissions necessitate the exploitation of renewable sources of energy. Despite the large variety of new energy carriers, liquid hydrocarbon still appears to be the most attractive and feasible form of transportation fuel taking into account the energy density, stability and existing infrastructure. Biomass is an abundant, renewable source of energy; however, utilizing it in a cost-effective way is still a substantial challenge. Lignocellulose is composed of three major biopolymers, namely cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Fast pyrolysis of biomass is recognized as an efficient and feasible process to selectively convert lignocellulose into a liquid fuel-bio-oil. However bio-oil from fast pyrolysis contains a large amount of oxygen, distributed in hundreds of oxygenates. These oxygenates are the cause of many negative properties, such as low heating value, high corrosiveness, high viscosity, and instability; they also greatly limit the application of bio-oil particularly as transportation fuel. Hydrocarbons derived from biomass are most attractive because of their high energy density and compatibility with the existing infrastructure. Thus, converting lignocellulose into transportation fuels
via
catalytic fast pyrolysis has attracted much attention. Many studies related to catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass have been published. The main challenge of this process is the development of active and stable catalysts that can deal with a large variety of decomposition intermediates from lignocellulose. This review starts with the current understanding of the chemistry in fast pyrolysis of lignocellulose and focuses on the development of catalysts in catalytic fast pyrolysis. Recent progress in the experimental studies on catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass is also summarized with the emphasis on bio-oil yields and quality.
We summarize the development of catalysts and provide the current understanding of the chemistry for catalytic fast pyrolysis of lignocelluloses biomass. |
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| Bibliography: | Ayman M. Karim is currently a senior research scientist at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). Prior to joining PNNL he did a postdoctoral stay (2007-2008) with Prof. Dionisios G. Vlachos at the University of Delaware. He obtained his PhD in chemical engineering from the University of New Mexico (2007) under the guidance of Prof. Abhaya K. Datye. His current research interests include fundamental studies of colloidal nanoparticles synthesis mechanisms, in situ and in operando catalyst characterization by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and developing novel catalytic materials for the synthesis of fuels and chemicals from biomass. Junming Sun is an assistant research & major professor in Prof. Yong Wang's group at Washington State University, USA. He received his PhD from Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of Chinese Academy of Science in 2007 (Prof. Xinhe Bao), after which he worked with Prof. Bruce C. Gates at UC Davis (2007-2008) and then with Prof. Yong Wang at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (2008-2011) as a postdoc researcher. His current research interests include fundamental understanding and rational design of acid-base/supported metal catalysts for biomass derived small oxygenates, bimetallic catalysis for hydrodeoxygenation. Changjun Liu received his PhD in Chemical Engineering from Sichuan University in 2010 (supervised by Prof. Enze Min and Prof. Bin Liang), and then worked as a postdoc research associate with Prof. Yong Wang in the Gene & Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, USA. His current research interests include biomass conversion, bio-oil upgrading, selective hydrogenation, acid-base catalysis, and two-phase flow. Dr Huamin Wang is currently a research engineer in Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. He received his PhD from Nankai University, China, and then did his postdoctoral research in ETH Zurich and UC Berkeley. He has experience in heterogeneous catalysis, inorganic material synthesis, hydroprocessing, and biomass conversion. His current research involves thermochemical conversion of biomass and fundamental understanding of catalytic conversion of oxygenates. Yong Wang joined Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), USA, in 1994 and was promoted to Laboratory Fellow in 2005. In 2009, he assumed a joint position at Washington State University (WSU) and PNNL. In this unique position, he continues to be a Laboratory Fellow at PNNL and is the Voiland Distinguished Professor in Chemical Engineering at WSU, a full professorship with tenure. His research interests include the development of novel catalytic materials and reaction engineering for the conversion of fossil and biomass feedstocks to fuels and chemicals. ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-2 |
| ISSN: | 0306-0012 1460-4744 |
| DOI: | 10.1039/c3cs60414d |