Calcium Supplement Derived from Gallus gallus domesticus Promotes BMP-2/RUNX2/SMAD5 and Suppresses TRAP/RANK Expression through MAPK Signaling Activation

• Published in: Nutrients Vol. 9; no. 5; p. 504
• Main Authors: Yoo, Han Seok, Kim, Gyung-Ji, Song, Da Hye, Chung, Kang-Hyun, Lee, Kwon-Jai, Kim, Dong-Hee, An, Jeung Hee
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 17.05.2017; MDPI
• Subjects: Activation; Activation analysis; Animals; Attenuation; Biocompatibility; Biomedical materials; Bone and Bones - chemistry; Bone density; Bone Density - drug effects; Bone loss; Bone mineral density; Bone morphogenetic protein 2; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 - genetics; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 - metabolism; Bone strength; c-Jun protein; Calcium; Calcium - administration & dosage; Cancellous bone; Cathepsin K; Cbfa-1 protein; Chickens; Collagen; Collagenase; Computed tomography; Computer architecture; Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit - genetics; Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit - metabolism; Differentiation; Extracellular signal-regulated kinase; Female; Gene expression; Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects; Genes; Kinases; MAP kinase; MAP Kinase Signaling System - physiology; Osteoblastogenesis; Osteoclastogenesis; osteoporosis; Osteoporosis - metabolism; Osteoporosis - prevention & control; Ovariectomy; ovariectomy rat; Protein kinase; Proteins; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B - genetics; Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B - metabolism; Rodents; Skeleton; Smad5 Protein - genetics; Smad5 Protein - metabolism; Strength; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase - genetics; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase - metabolism; Tibia; Transcription factors; ovariectomy rat; calcium; differentiation; osteoporosis
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu9050504

The present study evaluated the effects of a calcium (Ca) supplement derived from (GD) on breaking force, microarchitecture, osteogenic differentiation and osteoclast differentiation factor expression in vivo in Ca-deficient ovariectomized (OVX) rats. One percent of Ca supplement significantly improved Ca content and bone strength of the tibia. In micro-computed tomography analysis, 1% Ca supplement attenuated OVX- and low Ca-associated changes in bone mineral density, trabecular thickness, spacing and number. Moreover, 1% Ca-supplemented diet increased the expression of osteoblast differentiation marker genes, such as bone morphogenetic protein-2, Wnt3a, small mothers against decapentaplegic 1/5/8, runt-related transcription factor 2, osteocalcin and collagenase-1, while it decreased the expression of osteoclast differentiation genes, such as thrombospondin-related anonymous protein, cathepsin K and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B. Furthermore, 1% Ca-supplemented diet increased the levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. The increased expression of osteoblast differentiation marker genes and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling were associated with significant increases in trabecular bone volume, which plays an important role in the overall skeletal strength. Our results demonstrated that 1% Ca supplement inhibited osteoclastogenesis, stimulated osteoblastogenesis and restored bone loss in OVX rats.