DNA barcoding reveals the coral "laboratory-rat", Stylophora pistillata encompasses multiple identities

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 3; no. 1; p. 1520
• Main Authors: Keshavmurthy, Shashank, Yang, Sung-Yin, Alamaru, Ada, Chuang, Yao-Yang, Pichon, Michel, Obura, David, Fontana, Silvia, De Palmas, Stephane, Stefani, Fabrizio, Benzoni, Francesca, MacDonald, Angus, Noreen, Annika M E, Chen, Chienshun, Wallace, Carden C, Pillay, Ruby Moothein, Denis, Vianney, Amri, Affendi Yang, Reimer, James D, Mezaki, Takuma, Sheppard, Charles, Loya, Yossi, Abelson, Avidor, Mohammed, Mohammed Suleiman, Baker, Andrew C, Mostafavi, Pargol Ghavam, Suharsono, Budiyanto A, Chen, Chaolun Allen
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Nature Publishing Group 22.03.2013
• Subjects: Animals; Anthozoa - genetics; Biodiversity; Coral reefs; Corals; Cytochrome oxidase I; DNA barcoding; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic; Electron Transport Complex IV - genetics; Genetic diversity; Genetic Variation; Laboratories; Life sciences; Marine biology; Oceanography; Phenotypic plasticity; Phylogeny; R&D; Reference Standards; Research & development; Species Specificity; Stylophora pistillata
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/srep01520

Stylophora pistillata is a widely used coral "lab-rat" species with highly variable morphology and a broad biogeographic range (Red Sea to western central Pacific). Here we show, by analysing Cytochorme Oxidase I sequences, from 241 samples across this range, that this taxon in fact comprises four deeply divergent clades corresponding to the Pacific-Western Australia, Chagos-Madagascar-South Africa, Gulf of Aden-Zanzibar-Madagascar, and Red Sea-Persian/Arabian Gulf-Kenya. On the basis of the fossil record of Stylophora, these four clades diverged from one another 51.5-29.6 Mya, i.e., long before the closure of the Tethyan connection between the tropical Indo-West Pacific and Atlantic in the early Miocene (16-24 Mya) and should be recognised as four distinct species. These findings have implications for comparative ecological and/or physiological studies carried out using Stylophora pistillata as a model species, and highlight the fact that phenotypic plasticity, thought to be common in scleractinian corals, can mask significant genetic variation.