Chemical composition and immunomodulatory effects of enzymatic protein hydrolysates from common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) egg

• Published in: Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) Vol. 31; no. 2; pp. 388 - 398
• Main Authors: Chalamaiah, M., M.Sc, Hemalatha, R., M.D, Jyothirmayi, T., Ph.D, Diwan, Prakash V., Ph.D, Bhaskarachary, K., Ph.D, Vajreswari, A., Ph.D, Ramesh Kumar, R., M.Sc, Dinesh Kumar, B., Ph.D
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.02.2015; Elsevier Limited
• Subjects: Amino acids; Animals; Bioactive peptides; Body weight; Carp; Carps; Cell Proliferation - drug effects; Chemical composition; Cyprinus carpio; Cyprinus carpio roe (egg); Cytotoxicity; Enzymatic hydrolysis; Fatty acids; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - analysis; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - pharmacology; Female; Fish; Fish processing waste; Functional foods & nutraceuticals; Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Immune response; Immune system; Immunoglobulin A - blood; Immunoglobulin G - blood; Immunologic Factors - pharmacology; Immunomodulatory activities; Killer Cells, Natural - drug effects; Killer Cells, Natural - metabolism; Lymphocytes; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Molecular Weight; Natural & organic foods; Ovum - chemistry; Pepsin A - metabolism; Peptides; Peptides - chemistry; Protein Conformation; Protein Hydrolysates - analysis; Protein Hydrolysates - pharmacology; Spleen - cytology; Spleen - drug effects; Spleen - metabolism; Subtilisins - metabolism; Trace Elements - analysis; Trace Elements - pharmacology; Trypsin - metabolism; India; Immunomodulatory activities; Fish processing waste; Cyprinus carpio roe (egg); Bioactive peptides; Enzymatic hydrolysis
• ISSN: 0899-9007; 1873-1244
• DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.08.006

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to prepare protein hydrolysates from underutilized common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) egg and to investigate their immunomodulatory effects in vivo. Methods Common carp (C yprinus carpio ) egg (roe) was hydrolysed by pepsin, trypsin, and Alcalase. Chemical composition (proximate, amino acid, mineral and fatty acid compositions) and molecular mass distribution of the three hydrolysates were determined. The carp egg protein hydrolysates (CEPHs) were evaluated for their immunomodulatory effects in BALB/c mice. CEPHs (0.25, 0.5 and 1 g/kg body weight) were orally administered daily to female BALB/c mice (4–6 wk, 18–20 g) for a period of 45 d. After 45 d, mice were sacrificed and different tissues were collected for the immunologic investigations. Results The three hydrolysates contained high protein content (64%–73%) with all essential amino acids, and good proportion of ω-3 fatty acids, especially docosahexaenoic acid. Molecular mass analysis of hydrolysates confirmed the conversion of large-molecular-weight roe proteins into peptides of different sizes (5–90 kDa). The three hydrolysates significantly enhanced the proliferation of spleen lymphocytes. Pepsin hydrolysate (0.5 g/kg body weight) significantly increased the splenic natural killer cell cytotoxicity, mucosal immunity (secretory immunoglobulin A) in the gut and level of serum immunoglobulin A. Whereas Alcalase hydrolysate induced significant increases in the percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in spleen. Conclusions The results demonstrate that CEPHs are able to improve the immune system and further reveal that different CEPHs may exert differential influences on the immune function. These results indicate that CEPHs could be useful for several applications in the health food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries.