Genome-Wide Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Insights into the Response to Citrus bark cracking viroid (CBCVd) in Hop ( Humulus lupulus L.)

• Published in: Viruses Vol. 10; no. 10; p. 570
• Main Authors: Mishra, Ajay Kumar, Kumar, Atul, Mishra, Deepti, Nath, Vishnu Sukumari, Jakše, Jernej, Kocábek, Tomáš, Killi, Uday Kumar, Morina, Filis, Matoušek, Jaroslav
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 18.10.2018; MDPI
• Subjects: Bark; Biosynthesis; Breweries; Chitinase; Citrus bark cracking viroid; differentially expressed genes; Disease; DNA-directed RNA polymerase; Gangrene; Gene expression; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Genomes; hop; Humulus - genetics; Humulus - metabolism; Humulus - virology; Humulus lupulus; Immune response; Infections; Leaves; MAP kinase; Metabolism; Molecular biology; Non-coding RNA; pathogen; Pathogenesis; Photosynthesis; Plant Diseases - genetics; Plant Diseases - virology; Plant immunity; Plant Leaves - genetics; Plant Leaves - metabolism; Plant Leaves - virology; Plant Proteins - genetics; Plant Proteins - metabolism; Plant Viruses - genetics; Plant Viruses - isolation & purification; Plant Viruses - physiology; Propagation; Protein kinase; Protein turnover; Proteins; RNA-directed RNA polymerase; Studies; Sugar; Taxonomy; transcriptome analysis; Viroids; Viroids - classification; Viroids - genetics; Viroids - isolation & purification; Viroids - physiology; Viruses; hop; differentially expressed genes; pathogen; transcriptome analysis; viroids; Citrus bark cracking viroid
• ISSN: 1999-4915; 1999-4915
• DOI: 10.3390/v10100570

Viroids are smallest known pathogen that consist of non-capsidated, single-stranded non-coding RNA replicons and they exploits host factors for their replication and propagation. The severe stunting disease caused by (CBCVd) is a serious threat, which spreads rapidly within hop gardens. In this study, we employed comprehensive transcriptome analyses to dissect host-viroid interactions and identify gene expression changes that are associated with disease development in hop. Our analysis revealed that CBCVd-infection resulted in the massive modulation of activity of over 2000 genes. Expression of genes associated with plant immune responses (protein kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase), hypersensitive responses, phytohormone signaling pathways, photosynthesis, pigment metabolism, protein metabolism, sugar metabolism, and modification, and others were altered, which could be attributed to systemic symptom development upon CBCVd-infection in hop. In addition, genes encoding RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, pathogenesis-related protein, chitinase, as well as those related to basal defense responses were up-regulated. The expression levels of several genes identified from RNA sequencing analysis were confirmed by qRT-PCR. Our systematic comprehensive CBCVd-responsive transcriptome analysis provides a better understanding and insights into complex viroid-hop plant interaction. This information will assist further in the development of future measures for the prevention of CBCVd spread in hop fields.