A neural signature of social support mitigates negative emotion

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 13; no. 1; p. 17293
• Main Authors: Pei, Rui, Courtney, Andrea L., Ferguson, Ian, Brennan, Connor, Zaki, Jamil
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 12.10.2023; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: 631/378/1457; 631/378/2645; 631/477; 631/477/2811; Brain; Cognition & reasoning; Emotional regulation; Emotions; Humanities and Social Sciences; Machine learning; Medical imaging; Memory; multidisciplinary; Neuroimaging; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Social interaction; Social interactions; Social support; Time series
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43273-w

Social support can mitigate the impact of distressing events. Such stress buffering elicits activity in many brain regions, but it remains unclear (1) whether this activity constitutes a stable brain signature, and (2) whether brain activity can predict buffering across people. Here, we developed a neural signature that predicted social buffering of negative emotion in response to real life stressors. During neuroimaging, participants (n = 95) responded to stressful autobiographical memories either naturally, or by imagining a conversation with a peer. Using supervised dimensionality reduction and machine learning techniques, we identified a spatio-temporal neural signature that distinguished between these two trials. Activation of this signature was associated with less negative affect across trials, and people who most activated the signature reported more supportive social connections and lower loneliness outside the lab. Together, this work provides a behaviorally relevant neurophysiological marker for social support that underlies stress buffering.