Efficacy of Salmonella Bacteriophage S1 Delivered and Released by Alginate Beads in a Chicken Model of Infection

• Published in: Viruses Vol. 13; no. 10; p. 1932
• Main Authors: Gomez-Garcia, Janeth, Chavez-Carbajal, Alejandra, Segundo-Arizmendi, Nallelyt, Baron-Pichardo, Miriam G, Mendoza-Elvira, Susana E, Hernandez-Baltazar, Efren, Hynes, Alexander P, Torres-Angeles, Oscar
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 25.09.2021; MDPI
• Subjects: alginate; Alginates - chemistry; Alginic acid; Animals; Annotations; Antibiotics; Bacteriophages; Calcium chloride; Cecum - metabolism; Cell Encapsulation - methods; Cellulose acetate; Chickens - microbiology; Clinical trials; E coli; Encapsulation; Gastrointestinal Tract - metabolism; Genomes; Infections; Infectivity; Microspheres; Pathogens; pH effects; phage therapy; Phage Therapy - methods; Phages; Poultry; Poultry - virology; poultry sector; Proteins; Salmonella; Salmonella enterica - metabolism; Salmonella enterica - virology; Salmonella Enteritidis; Salmonella Phages - genetics; Salmonella Phages - metabolism; Small intestine; United States > US; Mexico; Salmonella enteritidis; alginate; poultry sector; phage therapy
• ISSN: 1999-4915; 1999-4915
• DOI: 10.3390/v13101932

Modern bacteriophage encapsulation methods based on polymers such as alginate have been developed recently for their use in phage therapy for veterinary purposes. In birds, it has been proven that using this delivery system allows the release of the bacteriophage in the small intestine, the site of infection by spp. This work designed an approach for phage therapy using encapsulation by ionotropic gelation of the lytic bacteriophage S1 for in 2% / alginate beads using 2% / calcium chloride as crosslinking agent. This formulation resulted in beads with an average size of 3.73 ± 0.04 mm and an encapsulation efficiency of 70%. In vitro, the beads protected the bacteriophages from pH 3 and released them at higher pH. To confirm that this would protect the bacteriophages from gastrointestinal pH changes, we tested the phage infectivity in vivo assay. Using a model chicken ( ) infected with Enteritidis, we confirmed that after 3 h of the beads delivery, infective phages were present in the chicken's duodenal and caecal sections. This study demonstrates that our phage formulation is an effective system for release and delivery of bacteriophage S1 against Enteritidis with potential use in the poultry sector.