Machine Learning-Based Human Recognition Scheme Using a Doppler Radar Sensor for In-Vehicle Applications

• Published in: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 20; no. 21; p. 6202
• Main Authors: Hyun, Eugin, Jin, Young-Seok, Park, Jae-Hyun, Yang, Jong-Ryul
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 30.10.2020; MDPI
• Subjects: Algorithms; Cameras; Classification; Continuous radiation; CW radar; Doppler radar; Electric vehicles; Human motion; Humans; Machine Learning; Motor Vehicles; Noise; passenger detection; Passengers; Radar; radar feature vector; radar machine learning; Respiration; Scattering; Sensors; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; Ultrasonography, Doppler; passenger detection; radar feature vector; CW radar; radar machine learning
• ISSN: 1424-8220; 1424-8220
• DOI: 10.3390/s20216202

In this paper, we propose a Doppler spectrum-based passenger detection scheme for a CW (Continuous Wave) radar sensor in vehicle applications. First, we design two new features, referred to as an 'extended degree of scattering points' and a 'different degree of scattering points' to represent the characteristics of the non-rigid motion of a moving human in a vehicle. We also design one newly defined feature referred to as the 'presence of vital signs', which is related to extracting the Doppler frequency of chest movements due to breathing. Additionally, we use a BDT (Binary Decision Tree) for machine learning during the training and test steps with these three extracted features. We used a 2.45 GHz CW radar front-end module with a single receive antenna and a real-time data acquisition module. Moreover, we built a test-bed with a structure similar to that of an actual vehicle interior. With the test-bed, we measured radar signals in various scenarios. We then repeatedly assessed the classification accuracy and classification error rate using the proposed algorithm with the BDT. We found an average classification accuracy rate of 98.6% for a human with or without motion.