Energy transfer through third‐grade fluid flow across an inclined stretching sheet subject to thermal radiation and Lorentz force

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 13; no. 1; pp. 19643 - 11
• Main Authors: Hamad, Najiba Hasan, Bilal, Muhammad, Ali, Aatif, Eldin, Sayed M., Sharaf, Mohamed, Rahman, Mati Ur
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 10.11.2023; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: 639/166; 639/4077; 639/705; 639/766; Chemical reactions; Differential equations; Energy transfer; Flow system; Fluid flow; Humanities and Social Sciences; Magnetic fields; Mass transfer; multidisciplinary; Partial differential equations; Radiation; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Thermal radiation; Velocity
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46428-x

The heat and mass transfer through the third grade fluid (TGF) flow over an inclined elongating sheet with the consequences of magnetic field and chemical reaction is reported. The impact of activation energy, heat source/sink, and thermal radiation is considered on the TGF flow. Fluid that demonstrate non-Newtonian (NN) properties such as shear thickening, shear thinning, and normal stresses despite the fact that the boundary is inflexible is known as TGF. It also has viscous elastic fluid properties. In the proposed model, the TGF model is designed in form of nonlinear coupled partial differential equations (PDEs). Before employing the numerical package bvp4c, the system of coupled equations are reduced into non-dimensional form. The finite-difference code bvp4c, in particular, executes the Lobatto three-stage IIIa formula. The impacts of flow constraints on velocity field, energy profile, Nusselt number and skin friction are displayed through Tables and Figures. For validity of the results, the numerical comparison with the published study is performed through Table. From graphical results, it can be perceived that the fluid velocity enriches with the variation of TGF factor and Richardson number. The heat source parameter operational as a heating mediator for the flow system, its influence enhances the fluid temperature.