Effects of concentrated arabinoxylan and β-glucan compared with refined wheat and whole grain rye on glucose and appetite in subjects with the metabolic syndrome: a randomized study

• Published in: European journal of clinical nutrition Vol. 68; no. 1; pp. 84 - 90
• Main Authors: Hartvigsen, M L, Gregersen, S, Lærke, H N, Holst, J J, Bach Knudsen, K E, Hermansen, K
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.01.2014; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 692/699/2743/2037; 692/700/2814; Aged; Appetite - drug effects; Area Under Curve; beta-Glucans - administration & dosage; Blood Glucose - metabolism; Bread; Clinical Nutrition; Comparative analysis; Cross-Over Studies; Dietary Fiber - administration & dosage; Energy Intake; Epidemiology; Female; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide - blood; Ghrelin - blood; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 - blood; Glucose metabolism; Health aspects; Humans; Insulin - blood; Internal Medicine; Male; Medical research; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Medicine, Experimental; Metabolic Diseases; Metabolic Syndrome - diet therapy; Metabolic Syndrome - drug therapy; Middle Aged; original-article; Physiological aspects; Postprandial Period - drug effects; Public Health; Satiation; Satiation - drug effects; Secale - chemistry; Triticum - chemistry; Xylans; Xylans - administration & dosage; Denmark; β-glucan; metabolic syndrome; glucose; appetite; Arabinoxylan; rye
• ISSN: 0954-3007; 1476-5640; 1476-5640
• DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.236

Background/objectives: Several studies emphasise that arabinoxylan and β-glucan have more beneficial effects on glucose metabolism than low-dietary fibre (DF) meals. Less attention has been paid to the effects of concentrated DF compared with whole grain. We compared the effects of DF and whole grain on glucose, hormone responses and appetite in subjects with the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Subjects/methods: Fifteen subjects with MetS participated in this acute, randomised, cross-over intervention study. The test breads provided 50 g of digestible carbohydrate: wheat bread with concentrated arabinoxylan (AX) or β-glucan (BG), rye bread with kernels (RK) and wheat bread (WB) as control. Blood samples were drawn for 270 min to determine glucose, insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and ghrelin. Appetite score was addressed every 30 min. Ad libitum energy intake (EI) was measured 270 min after test meals. Results: Compared with WB, BG and RK induced lower initial glycaemic responses ( P <0.001), whereas AX only reduced the glucose peak value ( P <0.001). RK reduced insulin ( P <0.001) and GIP responses ( P <0.001) compared with the other breads. BG lowered insulin responses more than AX ( P <0.001). AX, BG and RK increased satiety feeling ( P <0.001) more than WB, but did not differ significantly in terms of subsequent EI ( P =0.089). Conclusion: BG and RK had beneficial impact on the glucose response, whereas AX had only effect on the postprandial glucose peak. The impact of the AX bread was influenced by higher protein content. Whether the metabolic effects of the breads are still present to mixed meals remains to be tested.