Physiological mechanisms involved in the recovery of euonymus and laurustinus subjected to saline waters

• Published in: Agricultural water management Vol. 128; pp. 131 - 139
• Main Authors: Gomez-Bellot, MJ, Alvarez, S, Banon, S, Ortuno, M F, Sanchez-Blanco, MJ
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier B.V 01.10.2013; Elsevier
• Subjects: Agricultural and forest climatology and meteorology. Irrigation. Drainage; Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions; Biological and medical sciences; Euonymus; exposure duration; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Gas exchange; General agronomy. Plant production; Irrigation; irrigation management; leaf area; leaves; Nutrient content; Ornamental plants; ornamental woody plants; Physiology; Plants (organisms); Recovery; roots; Saline; Saline water; Salinity; salt tolerance; Salt water; shoots; sodium chloride; Viburnum tinus; Waste water; Wastewater; wastewater irrigation; water holding capacity; Ψo; Ψstem; gs; Ψt; Wastewater; Salinity; P; DW; RH; Ψ100s; Nutrient content; Ornamental plants; Physiology; Gas exchange; EC; Pn; Caprifoliaceae; Celastraceae; Ornamental crop; Environmental factor; Woody plant; Brackish water; Mechanism; Evergreen plant; Waste water; Dicotyledones; Content; Angiospermae; Water engineering; Nutrient; Spermatophyta; Small tree
• ISSN: 0378-3774; 1873-2283
• DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2013.06.017

•Laurustinus had higher capacity to recover from salinity than euonymus.•Gas exchange recovery in WW laurustinus plants was related to their water status.•At the end of the assay, laurustinus biomass was less damaged than that of euonymus. The scarcity of water has frequently led to saline water being reused for the irrigation of ornamental shrubs. However, before the use of such waters can be expanded, the salt tolerance and other characteristics of the ornamentals involved, need to be considered along with their capacity to recover after salinity exposure. For this reason, Euonymus japonica (euonymus) and Viburnum tinus (laurustinus) plants were submitted for twenty weeks to three irrigation treatments applied at 100% water holding capacity: Control (EC<0.9dSm−1); NaCl solution, NaCl (EC: 4dSm−1); and wastewater, WW (EC: 4dSm−1). This was followed by a recovery period of eight weeks, when all the plants were watered in the control irrigation conditions. The results showed that biomass, leaf number and total leaf area of plants subjected to the saline treatments were lower than in the control at the end of both periods in both species. However, after recovery, only euonymus showed lower growth parameters than those observed in the saline period. The highest Na+ and Cl− concentrations were observed in saline plants at the end of saline period for both species, and were higher in shoots than in roots. The opposite was observed for the K+/Na+ and the Ca2+/Na+ ratios. In Laurustinus, the Ψstem did not diminish in the wastewater-irrigated plants with respect to the control, maintaining osmotic adjustment and a high Ψt, even after recovery, whereas in euonymus this did not occur at the end of recovery period. In both species the Pn and gs were similarly reduced during the saline exposure period. However, the recovery of gas exchange in laurustinus irrigated with wastewater might be closely related to the better water status of these plants. Although the aesthetic value and growth decreased in the plants of both species, the chemical properties of the waters applied had different effects in each case, especially as regards the capacity to recover from salinity. These results underline the importance to studying the physiological mechanisms involved in the recovery of plants.