Bacteriological quality of household drinking water in North Gondar Zone, Ethiopia; a community-based cross-sectional study

• Published in: Applied water science Vol. 11; no. 12; pp. 1 - 8
• Main Authors: Getachew, Atalay, Tadie, Alebachew, Chercos, Daniel Haile, Guadu, Tadesse, Alemayehu, Marta, Gizaw, Zemichael, G/Hiwot, Mulat, G/Cherkos, Teklay
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 01.12.2021; Springer Nature B.V; SpringerOpen
• Subjects: Aquatic Pollution; Coliforms; Comparative Law; Contamination; Cross-sectional studies; Developing countries; Drinking water; E coli; Earth and Environmental Science; Earth Sciences; Faecal coliform; Feces; Household water storage; Households; Hydrogeology; Income; Industrial and Production Engineering; International & Foreign Law; LDCs; Multivariate analysis; Nanotechnology; Original Article; Private International Law; Risk factors; Sampling methods; Shortages; Solid waste disposal; Solid wastes; Waste disposal; Waste Water Technology; Water analysis; Water Industry/Water Technologies; Water Management; Water pollution; Water Pollution Control; Water quality; Water sampling; Water storage; Ethiopia; Faecal coliform; Drinking water; Household water storage; Risk factors; Water quality
• ISSN: 2190-5487; 2190-5495
• DOI: 10.1007/s13201-021-01515-0

Ethiopia is one of the developing countries where only 52% of its population have access to safe drinking water. To determine the level of faecal contamination in drinking water, the E. coli has been found to be the most specific indicator. The purpose of this study was to determine household bacteriological drinking water quality and its associated factors in rural North Gondar Zone Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in rural parts of North Gondar Zone from April to June, 2016. Water samples from water storage at household level were taken using standardized water sampling techniques to determine the level of faecal contamination. Face-to-face interview using structured questionnaires and checklist were used to identify the associated factors. A total of 736 households participated in this study. The prevalence of positive faecal coliform in the households is found to be 72.6% (95%C.I; 69.4–75.8). In multivariate analysis; occupational status [AOR; 0.35, 95%; CI (0.16,0.77)], income [(AOR);0.45, 95%; CI (0.3, 0.68)], type of solid waste disposal habit [AOR; 0.16, 95%; CI (0.36, 0.66)], source of water [AOR; 0.42, 95%; CI (0.28, 0.65)], shortage of water [AOR; 2.8, 95%; CI (1.88, 4)] were variables identified as predictors for faecal coliform contamination of water in the household. There is high level of faecal contamination of household drinking water in North Gondar Zone. Occupational status, income, solid waste disposal habit, sources of drinking water, and shortage of water were predictor for presence of faecal coliform contamination in household drinking water.