Distinct associations between dietary omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids intake with chronic kidney disease in adults with and without diabetes: A cross-sectional study

• Published in: Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) Vol. 115; p. 112156
• Main Authors: Hara, Akinori, Tsujiguchi, Hiromasa, Suzuki, Keita, Nakamura, Masaharu, Okada, Masaru, Zhao, Jiaye, Takazawa, Chie, Suzuki, Fumihiko, Kasahara, Tomoko, Shimizu, Yukari, Tsuboi, Hirohito, Kannon, Takayuki, Tajima, Atsushi, Takamura, Toshinari, Nakamura, Hiroyuki
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.11.2023; Elsevier Limited
• Subjects: Biomarkers; Body mass index; Creatinine; Cross-sectional studies; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diet; Dietary intake; Exercise; Fatty acids; Food intake; Glomerular filtration rate; Hemoglobin; Hypertension; Immunoassay; Kidney diseases; Kidneys; Lipid; Lipids; Liver; Metabolic disorders; Nephropathy; Omega-3; Omega-6; Physical fitness; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; Population studies; Proteins; Questionnaires; Ratio; β2 Microglobulin; Japan; Ratio; Nephropathy; Omega-3; Diabetes; Omega-6; Lipid
• ISSN: 0899-9007; 1873-1244
• DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112156

•Polyunsaturated fatty acids are recommended for dietary management of chronic kidney disease (CKD), although there is little evidence.•We explored the relationship of polyunsaturated fatty acids intake with CKD according to glycemic status.•Low omega-3 intake and high omega-6–to–omega-3 ratio were associated with CKD only in participants with diabetes.•These results may lead to tailored approaches for dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids to prevent CKD. We explored the relationship of dietary intake of fatty acids with chronic kidney disease (CKD) according to glycemic status in Japanese people. A total of 1031 participants aged ≥40 y were included in this population-based, cross-sectional study. A validated self-administered diet history questionnaire was used to measure the dietary intakes of fat and fatty acids, including omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and diabetes as the use of antidiabetic medication, fasting plasma glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL, or hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5%. Urine biomarkers of kidney injury (liver-type fatty acid–binding protein, β2-microglobulin, and albumin) were also examined. The mean age of the participants was 62.5 ± 11.2 y, and 482 (46.8%) of them were men. Overall, 177 (17.2%) participants had CKD. In the multivariable model, low omega-3 intake (odds ratio = 0.109; 95% CI, 0.019–0.645) and high omega-6–to–omega-3 ratio (odds ratio = 2.112; 95% CI, 1.167–3.822) were associated with CKD in participants with diabetes but not in those without. In selected participants with diabetes, a substantial trend of urinary liver-type fatty acid–binding protein and β2-microglobulin level elevation along with an increase in the dietary ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 was observed. Low dietary omega-3 intake and high omega-6–to–omega-3 ratio were associated with CKD in middle-aged and older Japanese people with diabetes but not in those without diabetes. These results may provide insight into the more tailored approaches for dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids to prevent CKD.