Biomarkers of autoimmunity and beta cell metabolism in type 1 diabetes

Posttranslational protein modifications (PTMs) are an inherent response to physiological changes causing altered protein structure and potentially modulating important biological functions of the modified protein. Besides cellular metabolic pathways that may be dictated by PTMs, the subtle change of...

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Published inFrontiers in immunology Vol. 13; p. 1028130
Main Authors Yang, Mei-Ling, Kibbey, Richard G., Mamula, Mark J.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 27.10.2022
Subjects
Autoimmune Diseases - metabolism
Autoimmunity
biomarkers
Biomarkers - metabolism
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
glucose metabolism
Humans
Immunology
Insulin-Secreting Cells
neoepitopes
posttranslational modifications
type 1 diabetes
type 1 diabetes
neoepitopes
posttranslational modifications
glucose metabolism
biomarkers
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Summary:Posttranslational protein modifications (PTMs) are an inherent response to physiological changes causing altered protein structure and potentially modulating important biological functions of the modified protein. Besides cellular metabolic pathways that may be dictated by PTMs, the subtle change of proteins also may provoke immune attack in numerous autoimmune diseases. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease destroying insulin-producing beta cells within the pancreatic islets, a result of tissue inflammation to specific autoantigens. This review summarizes how PTMs arise and the potential pathological consequence of PTMs, with particular focus on specific autoimmunity to pancreatic beta cells and cellular metabolic dysfunction in T1D. Moreover, we review PTM-associated biomarkers in the prediction, diagnosis and in monitoring disease activity in T1D. Finally, we will discuss potential preventive and therapeutic approaches of targeting PTMs in repairing or restoring normal metabolic pathways in pancreatic islets.
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Reviewed by: Jon D. Piganelli, University of Pittsburgh, United States; Howard Davidson, University of Colorado, United States
This article was submitted to Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Disorders: Autoinflammatory Disorders, a section of the journal Frontiers in Immunology
Edited by: Hubert M. Tse, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States
ISSN:1664-3224
1664-3224
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2022.1028130