Molecular determinants of the interaction between HSV-1 glycoprotein D and heparan sulfate
Literature has well-established the importance of 3- -sulfation of neuronal cell surface glycan heparan sulfate (HS) to its interaction with herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein D (gD). Previous investigations of gD to its viral receptors HVEM and nectin-1 also highlighted the conformational dyn...
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Published in | Frontiers in molecular biosciences Vol. 9; p. 1043713 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Switzerland
Frontiers Media S.A
07.11.2022
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | Literature has well-established the importance of 3-
-sulfation of neuronal cell surface glycan heparan sulfate (HS) to its interaction with herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein D (gD). Previous investigations of gD to its viral receptors HVEM and nectin-1 also highlighted the conformational dynamics of gD's N- and C-termini, necessary for viral membrane fusion. However, little is known on the structural interactions of gD with HS. Here, we present our findings on this interface from both the glycan and the protein perspective. We used C-terminal and N-terminal gD variants to probe the role of their respective regions in gD/HS binding. The N-terminal truncation mutants (with Δ1-22) demonstrate equivalent or stronger binding to heparin than their intact glycoproteins, indicating that the first 22 amino acids are disposable for heparin binding. Characterization of the conformational differences between C-terminal truncated mutants by sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation distinguished between the "open" and "closed" conformations of the glycoprotein D, highlighting the region's modulation of receptor binding. From the glycan perspective, we investigated gD interacting with heparin, heparan sulfate, and other de-sulfated and chemically defined oligosaccharides using surface plasmon resonance and glycan microarray. The results show a strong preference of gD for 6-
-sulfate, with 2-
-sulfation becoming more important in the presence of 6-
-S. Additionally, 3-
-sulfation shifted the chain length preference of gD from longer chain to mid-chain length, reaffirming the sulfation site's importance to the gD/HS interface. Our results shed new light on the molecular details of one of seven known protein-glycan interactions with 3-
-sulfated heparan sulfate. |
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Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 This article was submittedto Glycoscience, a section of the journal Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences Junqiang Fang, Shandong University, China Reviewed by: Kyohei Higashi, Tokyo University of Science, Japan Edited by: Lei Li, Georgia State University, United States |
ISSN: | 2296-889X 2296-889X |
DOI: | 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1043713 |