Combined nano and micro structuring for enhanced radiative cooling and efficiency of photovoltaic cells

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 11; no. 1; p. 11552
• Main Authors: Perrakis, George, Tasolamprou, Anna C., Kenanakis, George, Economou, Eleftherios N., Tzortzakis, Stelios, Kafesaki, Maria
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 02.06.2021; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: 639/301/299/946; 639/4077/4072/4062; 639/4077/909/4101/4096/946; 639/624/1075/401; Cooling; Efficiency; Emissivity; Humanities and Social Sciences; multidisciplinary; Photovoltaic cells; Photovoltaics; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Solar cells; Solar radiation; Wavelengths
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91061-1

Outdoor devices comprising materials with mid-IR emissions at the atmospheric window (8–13 μm) achieve passive heat dissipation to outer space (~ − 270 °C), besides the atmosphere, being suitable for cooling applications. Recent studies have shown that the micro-scale photonic patterning of such materials further enhances their spectral emissivity. This approach is crucial, especially for daytime operation, where solar radiation often increases the device heat load. However, micro-scale patterning is often sub-optimal for other wavelengths besides 8–13 μm, limiting the devices’ efficiency. Here, we show that the superposition of properly designed in-plane nano- and micro-scaled periodic patterns results in enhanced device performance in the case of solar cell applications. We apply this idea in scalable, few-micron-thick, and simple single-material (glass) radiative coolers on top of simple-planar Si substrates, where we show an ~ 25.4% solar absorption enhancement, combined with a ~  ≤ 5.8 °C temperature reduction. Utilizing a coupled opto-electro-thermal modeling we evaluate our nano-micro-scale cooler also in the case of selected, highly-efficient Si-based photovoltaic architectures, where we achieve an efficiency enhancement of ~ 3.1%, which is 2.3 times higher compared to common anti-reflection layers, while the operating temperature of the device also decreases. Besides the enhanced performance of our nano-micro-scale cooler, our approach of superimposing double- or multi-periodic gratings is generic and suitable in all cases where the performance of a device depends on its response on more than one frequency bands.