How much of the deprivation gap in cancer survival can be explained by variation in stage at diagnosis: An example from breast cancer in the East of England

• Published in: International journal of cancer Vol. 133; no. 9; pp. 2192 - 2200
• Main Authors: Rutherford, M.J., Hinchliffe, S.R., Abel, G.A., Lyratzopoulos, G., Lambert, P.C., Greenberg, D.C.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hoboken, NJ Wiley-Blackwell 01.11.2013; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; avoidable deaths; Biological and medical sciences; Breast cancer; Breast Neoplasms - diagnosis; Breast Neoplasms - mortality; Breast Neoplasms - surgery; Cancer; Cancer och onkologi; excess mortality models; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics; Humans; Klinisk medicin; Mammary gland diseases; Medical research; Medical sciences; Medicin och hälsovetenskap; Middle Aged; Multiple tumors. Solid tumors. Tumors in childhood (general aspects); Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis; relative survival; Samhällsvetenskap; Social Class; socioeconomic differences; Socioeconomic Factors; Sociologi; Sociologi (exklusive socialt arbete, socialpsykologi och socialantropologi); Survival Rate; Tumors; Women; England; United Kingdom; Great Britain; Europe; Human; relative survival; Breast disease; Socioeconomic status; Mortality; avoidable deaths; excess mortality models; Breast cancer; Malignant tumor; Epidemiology; Survival; Mammary gland diseases; socioeconomic differences; Cancerology; Economic aspect; East; Public health; Social aspect; Cancer
• ISSN: 0020-7136; 1097-0215; 1097-0215
• DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28221

Socioeconomic differences in cancer patient survival exist in many countries and across cancer sites. In our article, we estimated the number of deaths in women with breast cancer that could be avoided within 5 years from diagnosis if it were possible to eliminate socioeconomic differences in stage at diagnosis. We analysed data on East of England women with breast cancer (2006–2010). We estimated survival for different stage‐age‐deprivation strata using both the observed and a hypothetical stage distribution (assuming all women acquired the stage distribution of the most affluent women). Data were analysed on 20,738 women with complete stage information (92%). Affluent women were less likely to be diagnosed in advanced stage. Relative survival decreased with increasing level of deprivation. Eliminating differences in stage at diagnosis could be expected to nearly eliminate differences in relative survival for women in deprivation groups 3 and 4, but would only approximately halve the difference in relative survival for women in the most deprived group (5). This means, for a typical cohort of women diagnosed in a calendar year with breast cancer, eliminating deprivation differences in stage at diagnosis would prevent ∼40 deaths in the East of England from occurring within 5 years from diagnosis. Using appropriate weighting we estimated the respective number of avoidable deaths for the whole of England to be ∼450. The findings suggest that policies aimed at reducing inequalities in stage at diagnosis between women with breast cancer are important to reduce inequalities in breast cancer survival. What's new? The reasons why patients of low socioeconomic status are less likely to survive following a diagnosis of breast cancer compared with more‐affluent patients are multifactorial, progress in the development of effective interventions has been slow. Here, analysis of English registry data for women with breast cancer shows that substantial numbers of deaths that occur within 5 years of diagnosis could be avoided if socioeconomic differences in stage at diagnosis were eliminated. The findings indicate that policies and interventions aimed at reducing inequalities in stage at diagnosis of breast cancer in women could benefit survival.