Maternal exposure to arsenic and cadmium and the risk of congenital heart defects in offspring

• Published in: Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) Vol. 59; pp. 109 - 116
• Main Authors: Jin, Xi, Tian, Xiaoxian, Liu, Zhen, Hu, Hui, Li, Xiaohong, Deng, Ying, Li, Nana, Zhu, Jun
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.01.2016
• Subjects: Adult; Arsenic; Arsenic - adverse effects; Arsenic - analysis; Biomarker; Cadmium; Cadmium - adverse effects; Cadmium - analysis; Case-Control Studies; China; Congenital heart defects; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Environmental Pollutants - adverse effects; Environmental Pollutants - analysis; Female; Hair; Hair - chemistry; Heart Defects, Congenital - chemically induced; Heart Defects, Congenital - diagnosis; Humans; Mass Spectrometry - methods; Maternal exposure; Maternal Exposure - adverse effects; Pregnancy; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Young Adult; Hair; Cadmium; Biomarker; Arsenic; Congenital heart defects; Maternal exposure
• ISSN: 0890-6238; 1873-1708
• DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.12.007

•Concentration of hair arsenic in cases was significantly higher than control group.•Concentration of hair cadmium in cases was significantly higher than control group.•Arsenic (≥62.03ng/g) was associated with increased in risks for CHDs with dose–response relationship.•The highest cadmium group (≥25.85ng/g) was associated with increased risks for CHDs.•The interaction between arsenic and cadmium was observed. Hair arsenic and cadmium from 339 women with congenital heart defect (CHD)-affected pregnancies (case women) and 333 women with normal live births (control women) in China were estimated using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The median levels of hair arsenic and cadmium in the case women were 98.30 (74.30–136.30)ng/g and 14.60 (8.30–32.50)ng/g, respectively, which were significantly higher than the levels in the control group (P<0.05). Arsenic concentrations ≥62.03ng/g were associated with increased risk for almost every CHD subtype, with a dose-response relationship. However, only the group with the highest cadmium levels (≥25.85ng/g) displayed an increased risk of CHDs (AOR 1.96; 95% CI 1.24–3.09), with a 2.81-fold increase found for the occurrence of conotruncal defects in their offspring. Furthermore, an interaction between arsenic and cadmium was observed. Our findings suggest that maternal exposure to arsenic and cadmium may be a significant risk factor for CHDs in offspring. Cadmium may have an enhancing effect on the association between arsenic and the risk of CHDs in offspring.