Consumption of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum do not alter urinary equol excretion and plasma reproductive hormones in premenopausal women

• Published in: European journal of clinical nutrition Vol. 58; no. 12; pp. 1635 - 1642
• Main Authors: Bonorden, M.J.L, Greany, K.A, Wangen, K.E, Phipps, W.R, Feirtag, J, Adlerceutz, H, Kurzer, M.S
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basingstoke Nature Publishing 01.12.2004; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 17β-Estradiol; Adult; Androstenedione; Bacteria; Bifidobacterium; Bifidobacterium longum; Biological and medical sciences; Body Mass Index; Body size; Breast cancer; Breast Neoplasms - blood; Carbohydrates; Clinical nutrition; Consumption; Dehydroepiandrosterone; Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate - blood; Dietary fiber; Dietary Fiber - metabolism; Equol; Estradiol - blood; Estrone; Excretion; Female; Globulins; Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics; Health risks; Hormones; Hormones - blood; Humans; Isoflavones - urine; Lactobacilli; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Medical sciences; Menopause; Menstrual cycle; Menstrual Cycle - blood; Menstrual Cycle - physiology; Menstruation; Phytoestrogens - urine; Placebos; Plasma; Premenopause - metabolism; Probiotics; Probiotics - administration & dosage; Puberal and climacteric disorders (male and female); Risk Factors; Sex hormones; Sulfates; Testosterone; Women; Consumption; Human; Hormone; Isoflavone; Probiotic; Urine; Excretion; Actinomycetaceae; Equol; Bifidobacterium longum; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Blood plasma; Actinomycetales; Phytoestrogen; Bacteria; Lactobacillaceae; Female; premenopausal; Actinomycetes; Woman; women
• ISSN: 0954-3007; 1476-5640
• DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602020

To confirm the results of an earlier study showing premenopausal equol excretors to have hormone profiles associated with reduced breast cancer risk, and to investigate whether equol excretion status and plasma hormone concentrations can be influenced by consumption of probiotics. A randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm trial. In all, 34 of the initially enrolled 37 subjects completed all requirements. All subjects were followed for two full menstrual cycles and the first seven days of a third cycle. During menstrual cycle 1, plasma concentrations of estradiol (E(2)), estrone (E(1)), estrone-sulfate (E(1)-S), testosterone (T), androstenedione (A), dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S), and sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were measured on cycle day 2, 3, or 4, and urinary equol measured on day 7 after a 4-day soy challenge. Subjects then received either probiotic capsules (containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum) or placebo capsules through day 7 of menstrual cycle 3, at which time both the plasma hormone concentrations and the post-soy challenge urinary equol measurements were repeated. During menstrual cycle 1, equol excretors and non-excretors were not significantly different with respect to subject characteristics, diet, or hormone concentrations. Significant inverse correlations were found between E(2) and body mass index (BMI) (P=0.02), SHBG and BMI (P=0.01), DHEA-S and dietary fiber (P=0.04), and A and protein:carbohydrate ratio (P=0.02). Probiotic consumption failed to significantly alter equol excretor status or hormone concentrations during menstrual cycle 3, although there were trends towards decreased concentrations of T (P=0.14) and SHBG (P=0.10) in the probiotic group. We were unable to verify a previously reported finding of premenopausal equol excretors having plasma hormone concentrations different from those of nonexcretors. Furthermore, a 2-month intervention with probiotic capsules did not significantly alter equol excretion or plasma hormone concentrations.