Modulatory properties of extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans on neural stem cells behavior: Highlights on regenerative potential and bioactivity

• Published in: International journal of biological macromolecules Vol. 171; pp. 366 - 381
• Main Authors: Shabani, Zahra, Ghadiri, Tahereh, Karimipour, Mohammad, Sadigh-Eteghad, Saeed, Mahmoudi, Javad, Mehrad, Hossein, Farhoudi, Mehdi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 28.02.2021
• Subjects: adults; bioactive properties; Biomimetic Materials - isolation & purification; Biomimetic Materials - pharmacology; brain; Cell Differentiation - drug effects; Cell Division - drug effects; Cell Movement - drug effects; extracellular matrix; Extracellular Matrix - chemistry; Extracellular matrix composition; Extracellular Matrix Proteins - isolation & purification; Extracellular Matrix Proteins - pharmacology; Glycosaminoglycans; Glycosaminoglycans - isolation & purification; Glycosaminoglycans - pharmacology; Humans; Neural regeneration; Neural stem cells; Neural Stem Cells - cytology; Neural Stem Cells - drug effects; Neurogenesis - drug effects; Neurogenesis - physiology; neurons; Proteoglycans; Proteoglycans - isolation & purification; Proteoglycans - pharmacology; Regeneration - drug effects; therapeutics; Neural stem cells; Extracellular matrix composition; Glycosaminoglycans; Proteoglycans; Neural regeneration
• ISSN: 0141-8130; 1879-0003; 1879-0003
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.006

Despite the poor regenerative capacity of the adult central nervous system (CNS) in mammals, two distinct regions, subventricular zone (SVZ) and the subgranular zone (SGZ), continue to generate new functional neurons throughout life which integrate into the pre-existing neuronal circuitry. This process is not fixed but highly modulated, revealing many intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms by which this performance can be optimized for a given environment. The capacity for self-renewal, proliferation, migration, and multi-lineage potency of neural stem cells (NSCs) underlines the necessity of controlling stem cell fate. In this context, the native and local microenvironment plays a critical role, and the application of this highly organized architecture in the CNS has been considered as a fundamental concept in the generation of new effective therapeutic strategies in tissue engineering approaches. The brain extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of biomacromolecules, including glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins that provide various biological actions through biophysical and biochemical signaling pathways. Herein, we review predominantly the structure and function of the mentioned ECM composition and their regulatory impact on multiple and diversity of biological functions, including neural regeneration, survival, migration, differentiation, and final destiny of NSCs. •ECM biomacromolecules provide a network and promising niche for NSCs function.•ECM components induce structural and functional support for neural regeneration.•ECM components guide and regulate the NSCs in the CNS development.•ECM promotes the proliferation, survival, migration and differentiation of NSCs.•The mimicking of the native ECM with the biomaterials is critical in regeneration.