Emerging Mesoporous Polyacrylamide/Gelatin–Iron Lanthanum Oxide Nanohybrids towards the Antibiotic Drugs Removal from the Wastewater

• Published in: Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 13; no. 21; p. 2835
• Main Authors: Parveen, Nazish, Alqahtani, Fatimah Othman, Alsulaim, Ghayah M, Alsharif, Shada A, Alnahdi, Kholoud M, Alali, Hasna Abdullah, Ahmad, Mohamad M, Ansari, Sajid Ali
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.10.2023
• Subjects: Adsorbents; Adsorption; Ammonium; Ammonium peroxodisulfate; Analysis; Antibiotics; Aqueous solutions; Composite materials; Copolymerization; Correlation coefficient; Correlation coefficients; Design of experiments; Diclofenac; Dielectric properties; Dipole interactions; Drinking water; Drug dosages; Electron microscopes; Electrostatic properties; Free radical polymerization; Free radicals; Gelatin; Graft copolymers; Hydrogels; Hydrogen; Hydrogen bonding; Iron; kinetic models; Lanthanum; Lanthanum oxides; Methylene bisacrylamide; Nanocomposites; nanohybrids; Nanoparticles; Natural resources; Nitrates; Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; Pharmaceuticals; Pollutants; Polyacrylamide; Polymers; Pore size; Response surface methodology; Sodium; Standard error; Statistical analysis; Surface chemistry; Thermal properties; Thermodynamics; Wastewater; Wastewater treatment; Water treatment; Saudi Arabia; United States > US; India
• ISSN: 2079-4991; 2079-4991
• DOI: 10.3390/nano13212835

The polyacrylamide/gelatin–iron lanthanum oxide (P-G-ILO nanohybrid) was fabricated by the free radical grafting co-polymerization technique in the presence of N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as cross linker and ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator. The P-G-ILO nanohybrid was characterized by the various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques that provided the information regarding the crystalline behavior, surface area, and pore size. The response surface methodology was utilized for the statistical observation of diclofenac (DF) adsorption from the wastewater. The adsorption capacity (qe, mg/g) of P-G-ILO nanohybrid was higher (254, 256, and 258 mg/g) than the ILO nanoparticle (239, 234, and 233 mg/g). The Freundlich isotherm model was the best fitted, as it gives the higher values of correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.982, 0.991 and 0.981) and lower value of standard error of estimate (SEE = 6.30, 4.42 and 6.52), which suggested the multilayered adsorption of DF over the designed P-G-ILO nanohybrid and followed the pseudo second order kinetic model (PSO kinetic model) adsorption. The thermodynamic study reveals that adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic in nature and randomness onto the P-G-ILO nanohybrids surface increases after the DF adsorption. The mechanism of adsorption of DF demonstrated that the adsorption was mainly due to the electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding, and dipole interaction. P-G-ILO nanohybrid was reusable for up to five adsorption/desorption cycles.