Determinants of cancer incidence and mortality among people with vitamin D deficiency: an epidemiology study using a real-world population database

• Published in: Frontiers in nutrition (Lausanne) Vol. 10; p. 1294066
• Main Authors: Lai, Yi-Chen, Chen, Yu-Han, Liang, Fu-Wen, Wu, Yu-Cih, Wang, Jhi-Joung, Lim, Sher-Wei, Ho, Chung-Han
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 07.12.2023
• Subjects: cancer incidence; mortality risk; Nutrition; real-world data; Taiwan cancer registry; vitamin D deficiency; real-world data; Taiwan cancer registry; cancer incidence; mortality risk; vitamin D deficiency
• ISSN: 2296-861X; 2296-861X
• DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1294066

This study aimed to investigate the determinants of cancer incidence and mortality in patients with vitamin D deficiency using a real-world population database. We utilized the International Diagnostic Classification Code (ICD9:268 / ICD10: E55) to define patients with vitamin D deficiency. Additionally, the Cox regression model was used to estimate overall mortality and identify potential factors contributing to mortality in cancer patients. In 5242 patients with vitamin D deficiency, the development of new-onset cancer was 229 (4.37%) patients. Colon cancer was the most prevalent cancer type. After considering confounding factors, patients aged 50-65 and more than 65 indicated a 3.10-fold (95% C.I.: 2.12-4.51) and 4.55-fold (95% C.I.: 3.03-6.82) cancer incidence, respectively compared with those aged <50. Moreover, patients with comorbidities of diabetes mellitus (DM) (HR: 1.56; 95% C.I.: 1.01-2.41) and liver disease (HR: 1.62; 95% C.I.: 1.03-2.54) presented a higher cancer incidence rate than those without DM/ liver disease. In addition, vitamin D deficiency patients with cancer and dementia histories indicated a significantly higher mortality risk (HR: 4.04; 95% C.I.: 1.05- 15.56) than those without dementia. In conclusion, our study revealed that vitamin D deficiency patients with liver disease had an increased incidence of cancer, while those with dementia had an increased mortality rate among cancer patients.