Dual domestications and origin of traits in grapevine evolution

• Published in: Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) Vol. 379; no. 6635; pp. 892 - 901
• Main Authors: Dong, Yang, Duan, Shengchang, Xia, Qiuju, Liang, Zhenchang, Dong, Xiao, Margaryan, Kristine, Musayev, Mirza, Goryslavets, Svitlana, Zdunić, Goran, Bert, Pierre-François, Lacombe, Thierry, Maul, Erika, Nick, Peter, Bitskinashvili, Kakha, Bisztray, György Dénes, Drori, Elyashiv, De Lorenzis, Gabriella, Cunha, Jorge, Popescu, Carmen Florentina, Arroyo-Garcia, Rosa, Arnold, Claire, Ergül, Ali, Zhu, Yifan, Ma, Chao, Wang, Shufen, Liu, Siqi, Tang, Liu, Wang, Chunping, Li, Dawei, Pan, Yunbing, Li, Jingxian, Yang, Ling, Li, Xuzhen, Xiang, Guisheng, Yang, Zijiang, Chen, Baozheng, Dai, Zhanwu, Wang, Yi, Arakelyan, Arsen, Kuliyev, Varis, Spotar, Gennady, Girollet, Nabil, Delrot, Serge, Ollat, Nathalie, This, Patrice, Marchal, Cécile, Sarah, Gautier, Laucou, Valérie, Bacilieri, Roberto, Röckel, Franco, Guan, Pingyin, Jung, Andreas, Riemann, Michael, Ujmajuridze, Levan, Zakalashvili, Tekle, Maghradze, David, Höhn, Maria, Jahnke, Gizella, Kiss, Erzsébet, Deák, Tamás, Rahimi, Oshrit, Hübner, Sariel, Grassi, Fabrizio, Mercati, Francesco, Sunseri, Francesco, Eiras-Dias, José, Dumitru, Anamaria Mirabela, Carrasco, David, Rodriguez-Izquierdo, Alberto, Muñoz, Gregorio, Uysal, Tamer, Özer, Cengiz, Kazan, Kemal, Xu, Meilong, Wang, Yunyue, Zhu, Shusheng, Lu, Jiang, Zhao, Maoxiang, Wang, Lei, Jiu, Songtao, Zhang, Ying, Sun, Lei, Yang, Huanming, Weiss, Ehud, Wang, Shiping, Zhu, Youyong, Li, Shaohua, Sheng, Jun, Chen, Wei
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States The American Association for the Advancement of Science 03.03.2023; American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
• Subjects: Acclimatization; Agriculture; Asia, Western; Biological Evolution; Climate effects; Cultivars; Cultivation; Domestication; Ecotype; Environmental Sciences; Fruit cultivation; Fruits; Grapes; Grapevines; Humans; Palatability; Phenotype; Vitaceae; Vitis - genetics; Wine; Wines; Asia, Western
• ISSN: 0036-8075; 1095-9203; 1095-9203
• DOI: 10.1126/science.add8655

We elucidate grapevine evolution and domestication histories with 3525 cultivated and wild accessions worldwide. In the Pleistocene, harsh climate drove the separation of wild grape ecotypes caused by continuous habitat fragmentation. Then, domestication occurred concurrently about 11,000 years ago in Western Asia and the Caucasus to yield table and wine grapevines. The Western Asia domesticates dispersed into Europe with early farmers, introgressed with ancient wild western ecotypes, and subsequently diversified along human migration trails into muscat and unique western wine grape ancestries by the late Neolithic. Analyses of domestication traits also reveal new insights into selection for berry palatability, hermaphroditism, muscat flavor, and berry skin color. These data demonstrate the role of the grapevines in the early inception of agriculture across Eurasia. Humans have extensively shaped the organisms around us through domestication. Although wine and table grapes have been important culturally for thousands of years, their origin has been difficult to pinpoint because of uneven sampling of modern cultivars. Dong et al . analyzed genetic data from about 3500 cultivated and wild grape varieties from around the world (see the Perspective by Allaby). The results of their analysis reveal the effects of climate on historic population sizes, suggest concurrent domestications of wine and table grapes, and identify variants associated with domestication traits such as berry color and palatability. These results increase our understanding of how humans and the environment shaped this domesticated crop. —CNS Grapevine genetics reveal multiple domestication events, including the concurrent rise of table and wine grape varieties.