Overcoming Barriers in the Path to a Universal Influenza Virus Vaccine

• Published in: Cell host & microbe Vol. 24; no. 1; pp. 18 - 24
• Main Authors: Coughlan, Lynda, Palese, Peter
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 11.07.2018
• Subjects: Antibodies, Viral - immunology; Drug Development; Evolution, Molecular; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus - immunology; Humans; Immunologic Memory; Influenza Vaccines - immunology; Influenza, Human - immunology; Influenza, Human - prevention & control; Influenza, Human - virology; Mutation; Orthomyxoviridae - immunology; Vaccination
• ISSN: 1931-3128; 1934-6069
• DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.06.016

Influenza viruses are important pathogens which pose an ongoing threat to public health due to their ability to mutate and evade immunity elicited by prior infection or vaccination. Their evolutionary diversity is facilitated by the plasticity of the antigenically variable head domain of the major surface glycoprotein, hemagglutinin (HA), which tolerates the accumulation of extensive mutations. To date, vaccines have focused on eliciting largely strain-specific immune responses toward the HA head. However, novel universal influenza vaccines aim to refocus immunity toward the immunosubdominant but conserved influenza virus HA stalk domain. Such vaccines could provide heterologous protection against diverse influenza viruses. Influenza virus is a master of evolution and immune evasion. Coughlan and Palese review current vaccines that largely elicit strain-specific immune responses, offering little protection from newly emerging pandemic viruses. They also discuss a new class of “universal” influenza vaccine which targets regions common to multiple influenza viruses.