Elucidating the Biomechanics of Leukocyte Transendothelial Migration by Quantitative Imaging

Leukocyte transendothelial migration is crucial for innate immunity and inflammation. Upon tissue damage or infection, leukocytes exit blood vessels by adhering to and probing vascular endothelial cells (VECs), breaching endothelial cell-cell junctions, and transmigrating across the endothelium. Tra...

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Published inFrontiers in cell and developmental biology Vol. 9; p. 635263
Main Authors Schwartz, Amy B, Campos, Obed A, Criado-Hidalgo, Ernesto, Chien, Shu, Del Álamo, Juan C, Lasheras, Juan C, Yeh, Yi-Ting
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 29.03.2021
Subjects
biomechanics
Cell and Developmental Biology
force microscopy
leukocyte
transednothelial migration
vascular endothelial cell
transednothelial migration
force microscopy
biomechanics
leukocyte
vascular endothelial cell
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Summary:Leukocyte transendothelial migration is crucial for innate immunity and inflammation. Upon tissue damage or infection, leukocytes exit blood vessels by adhering to and probing vascular endothelial cells (VECs), breaching endothelial cell-cell junctions, and transmigrating across the endothelium. Transendothelial migration is a critical rate-limiting step in this process. Thus, leukocytes must quickly identify the most efficient route through VEC monolayers to facilitate a prompt innate immune response. Biomechanics play a decisive role in transendothelial migration, which involves intimate physical contact and force transmission between the leukocytes and the VECs. While quantifying these forces is still challenging, recent advances in imaging, microfabrication, and computation now make it possible to study how cellular forces regulate VEC monolayer integrity, enable efficient pathfinding, and drive leukocyte transmigration. Here we review these recent advances, paying particular attention to leukocyte adhesion to the VEC monolayer, leukocyte probing of endothelial barrier gaps, and transmigration itself. To offer a practical perspective, we will discuss the current views on how biomechanics govern these processes and the force microscopy technologies that have enabled their quantitative analysis, thus contributing to an improved understanding of leukocyte migration in inflammatory diseases.
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This article was submitted to Cell Adhesion and Migration, a section of the journal Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
Reviewed by: Francis Luscinskas, Harvard University, United States; Dietmar Vestweber, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Germany
Edited by: Hao Sun, University of California, San Diego, United States
ISSN:2296-634X
2296-634X
DOI:10.3389/fcell.2021.635263