Longitudinal Effects of Distress and Its Management During COVID-19 Lockdown in Spain
The COVID-19 pandemic that hit Spain during March 2020 forced the strict confinement of the population for 2 months. The objectives of this study were (a) to assess the magnitude and duration of the influence of confinement on people's Distress, (b) to study the temporal sequence of stress, and...
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Published in | Frontiers in psychology Vol. 12; p. 772040 |
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Main Authors | , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Switzerland
Frontiers Media S.A
22.12.2021
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | The COVID-19 pandemic that hit Spain during March 2020 forced the strict confinement of the population for 2 months. The objectives of this study were (a) to assess the magnitude and duration of the influence of confinement on people's Distress, (b) to study the temporal sequence of stress, and (c) to show how different day-to-day activities and personal variables influence perceived Distress levels.
A daily registration was completed by 123 people, with ages ranging from 21 to 75 years old (
= 43,
= 10 years), of which there were 40 men (32%) and 83 females (68%). During 45 days of lockdown, from March 19th to May 3rd, participants were asked to respond to a socio-demographic survey and make daily records comprising the MASQ-D30 and some day-to-day behaviors. Pooled time series was applied to establish what effect time had on the dependent variable.
Distress has a 14-day autoregressive function and gender, physical activity, sexual activity, listening to music, and teleworking also influence Distress. It has been hypothesized that the intercept presents variability at level 2 (individual), but it has not been significant. Interactions between Gender-Telecommuting, and Gender-Physical Activity were observed. Approximately 66% of the variance of Distress was explained (
= 0.663).
At the beginning of the lockdown, the average levels of Distress were well above the levels of the end (
= 3.301). The individuals in the sample have followed a very similar process in the development of Distress. During the lockdown, the "memory" of Distress was 2 weeks. Our results indicate that levels of Distress depend on activities during lockdown. Interactions exist between gender and some behavioral variables that barely influence Distress in men but decrease Distress in women. The importance of routine maintenance and gender differences must be considered to propose future interventions during confinement. |
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Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Edited by: Elena V. Libin, Independent Researcher, Chevy Chase, MD, United States Reviewed by: Dingjing Shi, University of Oklahoma, United States; Michael Smithson, Australian National University, Australia This article was submitted to Health Psychology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Psychology |
ISSN: | 1664-1078 1664-1078 |
DOI: | 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.772040 |