Mycomedicine: A Unique Class of Natural Products with Potent Anti-tumour Bioactivities

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 26; no. 4; p. 1113
• Main Authors: Dai, Rongchen, Liu, Mengfan, Nik Nabil, Wan Najbah, Xi, Zhichao, Xu, Hongxi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI 19.02.2021; MDPI AG
• Subjects: Animals; anti-cancer; Antineoplastic Agents - chemistry; Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacology; Antineoplastic Agents - therapeutic use; Apoptosis - drug effects; Autophagy - drug effects; Biological Products - chemistry; Biological Products - pharmacology; Biological Products - therapeutic use; Clinical Trials as Topic; Fungi - chemistry; Humans; medicinal fungi; mycomedicine; Neoplasms - drug therapy; Neoplasms - immunology; Neoplasms - pathology; polysaccharides; Review; triterpenoids; polysaccharides; medicinal fungi; anti-cancer; mycomedicine; triterpenoids
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041113

Mycomedicine is a unique class of natural medicine that has been widely used in Asian countries for thousands of years. Modern mycomedicine consists of fruiting bodies, spores, or other tissues of medicinal fungi, as well as bioactive components extracted from them, including polysaccharides and, triterpenoids, etc. Since the discovery of the famous fungal extract, penicillin, by Alexander Fleming in the late 19th century, researchers have realised the significant antibiotic and other medicinal values of fungal extracts. As medicinal fungi and fungal metabolites can induce apoptosis or autophagy, enhance the immune response, and reduce metastatic potential, several types of mushrooms, such as and , have been extensively investigated, and anti-cancer drugs have been developed from their extracts. Although some studies have highlighted the anti-cancer properties of a single, specific mushroom, only limited reviews have summarised diverse medicinal fungi as mycomedicine. In this review, we not only list the structures and functions of pharmaceutically active components isolated from mycomedicine, but also summarise the mechanisms underlying the potent bioactivities of several representative mushrooms in the Kingdom Fungi against various types of tumour.