Solid-State Fermentation With Aspergillus cristatus Enhances the Protopanaxadiol- and Protopanaxatriol-Associated Skin Anti-aging Activity of Panax notoginseng

• Published in: Frontiers in microbiology Vol. 12; p. 602135
• Main Authors: Lee, Sunmin, Reddy, Chagam Koteswara, Ryu, Jeoung Jin, Kyung, Seoyeon, Lim, Yonghwan, Park, Myeong Sam, Kang, Seunghyun, Lee, Choong Hwan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 16.12.2021
• Subjects: Aspergillus cristatus; mass spectrometry; Microbiology; Panax notoginseng; protopanaxadiol; protopanaxatriol; solid-state fermentation; Panax notoginseng; skin anti-aging effect; protopanaxadiol; Aspergillus cristatus; mass spectrometry; solid-state fermentation; protopanaxatriol
• ISSN: 1664-302X; 1664-302X
• DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.602135

A metabolomics approach was used to profile metabolites of Panax notoginseng fermented with Aspergillus cristatus in two ways, liquid-state fermentation (LF-P) and solid-state fermentation (SSF-P) and examine metabolite markers representing antioxidant activity and skin anti-aging. Protopanaxadiol (PPD) and protopanaxatriol (PPT) contents were higher in SSF-P than in LF-P and showed a multiplicative increase over the fermentation period of four days. PPD and PPT levels also correlated with antioxidant and anti-aging effects in skin, based on the mRNA expression of dermal extracellular matrix components. In the bioactivity validation assays, PPD and PPT significantly improved the expression of type-I collagen, fibrillin-1, and elastin in human dermal fibroblasts from both young and old subjects; these were comparable with the effects of the SSF-P extracts. Overall, our results suggest that changes in the metabolites of P. notoginseng fermented with A. cristatus enhance the quality and availability of bioactive compounds associated with skin anti-aging.