Heterologous Immune Responses of Serum IgG and Secretory IgA Against the Spike Protein of Endemic Coronaviruses During Severe COVID-19

Defining immune correlates of disease severity is important to better understand the immunopathogenesis in COVID-19. Here we made use of a protein microarray platform to detect IgG- and IgA-reactive antibodies in sera and saliva respectively, and assess cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 and endemi...

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Published inFrontiers in immunology Vol. 13; p. 839367
Main Authors Smit, Wouter L, van Tol, Sophie, van der Wal, Sanne, van Vulpen, Femke, la Grouw, Shannon, van Lelyveld, Lenneke, Limonard, Gijs, Bossink, Ailko, Godeke, Gert-Jan, Shrestha, Sandhya, Reimerink, Johan, Eggink, Dirk, Reusken, Chantal, Heron, Michiel, Thijsen, Steven
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 09.03.2022
Subjects
Antibodies, Viral
COVID-19
COVID-19 - therapy
COVID-19 Serotherapy
Humans
immune imprinting
Immunity
Immunization, Passive
Immunoglobulin A
Immunoglobulin A, Secretory
Immunoglobulin G
Immunology
SARS-CoV-2
seasonal coronaviruses
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
spike protein
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
immune imprinting
seasonal coronaviruses
spike protein
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Summary:Defining immune correlates of disease severity is important to better understand the immunopathogenesis in COVID-19. Here we made use of a protein microarray platform to detect IgG- and IgA-reactive antibodies in sera and saliva respectively, and assess cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 and endemic coronaviruses (eCoVs). IgG responses against the full protein of spike, but not the S1 subunit, were significantly higher in convalescent sera of patients with severe disease compared to mild disease and healthy controls. In addition, we detected reactivity of secretory IgA to eCoVs in saliva of patients with severe disease, not present in patients with moderate disease or seropositive healthy controls. These heterologous immune responses are in line with non-protective cross-reactivity, and support a potential role for immune imprinting in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19.
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Edited by: Veronika Zarnitsyna, Emory University, United States
This article was submitted to Viral Immunology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Immunology
Reviewed by: Yongjun Sui, National Cancer Institute (NIH), United States; Amanda Skarlupka, University of Georgia, United States; Teresa Allende Aydillo Gomez, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States
ISSN:1664-3224
1664-3224
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2022.839367