Global, Regional, and National Burden of Diabetes-Related Chronic Kidney Disease From 1990 to 2019

• Published in: Frontiers in endocrinology (Lausanne) Vol. 12; p. 672350
• Main Authors: Deng, Yujiao, Li, Na, Wu, Ying, Wang, Meng, Yang, Si, Zheng, Yi, Deng, Xinyue, Xiang, Dong, Zhu, Yuyao, Xu, Peng, Zhai, Zhen, Zhang, Dai, Dai, Zhijun, Gao, Jie
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 01.07.2021
• Subjects: Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; diabetes-related chronic kidney disease; Diabetic Nephropathies - epidemiology; disability-adjusted life-years; Endocrinology; Female; Global Burden of Disease; Global Health; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; mortality; Prevalence; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - epidemiology; Socioeconomic Factors; Survival Rate; mortality; prevalence; diabetes-related chronic kidney disease; disability-adjusted life-years; incidence
• ISSN: 1664-2392; 1664-2392
• DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.672350

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health problem largely caused by diabetes. The epidemiology of diabetes mellitus-related CKD (CKD-DM) could provide specific support to lessen global, regional, and national CKD burden. Data were derived from the GBD 2019 study, including four measures and age-standardized rates (ASRs). Estimated annual percentage changes and 95% CIs were calculated to evaluate the variation trend of ASRs. Diabetes caused the majority of new cases and patients with CKD in all regions. All ASRs for type 2 diabetes-related CKD increased over 30 years. Asia and Middle socio-demographic index (SDI) quintile always carried the heaviest burden of CKD-DM. Diabetes type 2 became the second leading cause of CKD and CKD-related death and the third leading cause of CKD-related DALYs in 2019. Type 2 diabetes-related CKD accounted for most of the CKD-DM disease burden. There were 2.62 million incident cases, 134.58 million patients, 405.99 thousand deaths, and 13.09 million disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of CKD-DM worldwide in 2019. Age-standardized incidence (ASIR) and prevalence rate (ASPR) of type 1 diabetes-related CKD increased, whereas age-standardized death rate (ASDR) and DALY rate decreased for females and increased for males. In high SDI quintile, ASIR and ASPR of type 1 diabetes-related CKD remained the highest, with the slowest increase, whereas the ASDR and age-standardized DALY rate remained the lowest there. In high SDI quintile, ASIR of type 2 diabetes-related CKD was the highest, with the lowest increasing rate. In addition, type 2 diabetes-related CKD occurred most in people aged 80-plus years worldwide. The main age of type 2 diabetes-related CKD patients was 55-64 years in Asia and Africa. The prevalence, mortality, and DALY rate of type 2 diabetes-related CKD increased with age. As for incidence, there was a peak at 80 years, and after age of 80, the incidence declined. CKD-DM-related anemia was mainly in mild to moderate grade. Increasing burden of CKD-DM varied among regions and countries. Prevention and treatment measures should be strengthened according to CKD-DM epidemiology, especially in middle SDI quintile and Asia.