The Immunopathogenesis of Neuroinvasive Lesions of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in COVID-19 Patients

The new coronavirus disease COVID-19 was identified in December 2019. It subsequently spread across the world with over 125 M reported cases and 2.75 M deaths in 190 countries. COVID-19 causes severe respiratory distress; however, recent studies have reported neurological consequences of infection b...

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Published inFrontiers in neurology Vol. 12; p. 697079
Main Authors Alipoor, Shamila D., Mortaz, Esmaeil, Varahram, Mohammad, Garssen, Johan, Adcock, Ian M.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 30.07.2021
Subjects
COVID-19
cytokine storm
IL-6
neuroinvasive lesions
Neurology
SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
cytokine storm
neuroinvasive lesions
IL-6
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Summary:The new coronavirus disease COVID-19 was identified in December 2019. It subsequently spread across the world with over 125 M reported cases and 2.75 M deaths in 190 countries. COVID-19 causes severe respiratory distress; however, recent studies have reported neurological consequences of infection by the COVID-19 virus SARS-CoV-2 even in subjects with mild infection and no initial neurological effects. It is likely that the virus uses the olfactory nerve to reach the CNS and that this transport mechanism enables virus access to areas of the brain stem that regulates respiratory rhythm and may even trigger cell death by alteration of these neuronal nuclei. In addition, the long-term neuronal effects of COVID-19 suggest a role for SARS-CoV-2 in the development or progression of neurodegerative disease as a result of inflammation and/or hypercoagulation. In this review recent findings on the mechanism(s) by which SARS-CoV-2 accesses the CNS and induces neurological dysregulation are summarized.
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Reviewed by: Jiawei Wang, Capital Medical University, China; Yongming Sang, Tennessee State University, United States
Edited by: Sara Palermo, Carlo Besta Neurological Institute (IRCCS), Italy
This article was submitted to Neuroinfectious Diseases, a section of the journal Frontiers in Neurology
ISSN:1664-2295
1664-2295
DOI:10.3389/fneur.2021.697079