Activation of the TCA Cycle to Provide Immune Protection in Zebrafish Immunized by High Magnesium-Prepared Vibrio alginolyticus Vaccine

• Published in: Frontiers in immunology Vol. 12; p. 739591
• Main Authors: Yang, Jun, Yang, Xiao-Li, Su, Yu-Bin, Peng, Xuan-Xian, Li, Hui
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 07.12.2021
• Subjects: Animals; Bacterial Vaccines - immunology; Citric Acid Cycle - immunology; Immunology; innate immunity; live vaccine; Magnesium - immunology; metabolomics; TCA cycle; Vaccines, Attenuated - immunology; Vibrio alginolyticus; Vibrio alginolyticus - immunology; Zebrafish - immunology; Vibrio alginolyticus; innate immunity; live vaccine; metabolomics; TCA cycle
• ISSN: 1664-3224; 1664-3224
• DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.739591

Vaccines are safe and efficient in controlling bacterial diseases in the aquaculture industry and are in line with green farming. The present study develops a previously unreported approach to prepare a live-attenuated vaccine by culturing bacteria in a high concentration of magnesium to attenuate bacterial virulence. Furthermore, metabolomes of zebrafish immunized with the live-attenuated vaccines were compared with those of survival and dying zebrafish infected by . The enhanced TCA cycle and increased fumarate were identified as the most key metabolic pathways and the crucial biomarker of vaccine-mediated and survival fish, respectively. Exogenous fumarate promoted expression of , , , , and lysozyme in a dose-dependent manner. Among the five innate immune genes, the elevated , , and are overlapped in the vaccine-immunized zebrafish and the survival from the infection. These findings highlight a way in development of vaccines and exploration of the underlying mechanisms.