COVID-19: Integrating the Complexity of Systemic and Pulmonary Immunopathology to Identify Biomarkers for Different Outcomes

In the last few months, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected millions of people worldwide and has provoked an exceptional effort from the scientific community to understand the disease. Clinical evidence suggests that severe COVID-19 is associated with both dysregulation of...

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Published inFrontiers in immunology Vol. 11; p. 599736
Main Authors Fraga-Silva, Thais Fernanda de Campos, Maruyama, Sandra Regina, Sorgi, Carlos Arterio, Russo, Elisa Maria de Sousa, Fernandes, Ana Paula Morais, de Barros Cardoso, Cristina Ribeiro, Faccioli, Lucia Helena, Dias-Baruffi, Marcelo, Bonato, Vânia Luiza Deperon
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 29.01.2021
Subjects
Biomarkers - analysis
coronavirus disease 2019
COVID-19 - immunology
COVID-19 - pathology
damage tolerance
Humans
Immunology
Lung - immunology
Lung - pathology
Lung - virology
lung immunopathology
peripheral immune response
pulmonary inflammation
SARS-CoV-2
pulmonary inflammation
damage tolerance
peripheral immune response
lung immunopathology
coronavirus disease 2019
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Summary:In the last few months, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected millions of people worldwide and has provoked an exceptional effort from the scientific community to understand the disease. Clinical evidence suggests that severe COVID-19 is associated with both dysregulation of damage tolerance caused by pulmonary immunopathology and high viral load. In this review article, we describe and discuss clinical studies that show advances in the understanding of mild and severe illness and we highlight major points that are critical for improving the comprehension of different clinical outcomes. The understanding of pulmonary immunopathology will contribute to the identification of biomarkers in an attempt to classify mild, moderate, severe and critical COVID-19 illness. The interface of pulmonary immunopathology and the identification of biomarkers are critical for the development of new therapeutic strategies aimed to reduce the systemic and pulmonary hyperinflammation in severe COVID-19.
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These authors have contributed equally to this work
This article was submitted to Viral Immunology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Immunology
Reviewed by: Mangai Asokan, Independent Researcher, Bengaluru, India; Elettra Barberis, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Italy
Edited by: Annalisa Del Prete, University of Brescia, Italy
ISSN:1664-3224
1664-3224
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2020.599736