Association Between Enterovirus Infection and Type 1 Diabetes Risk: A Meta-Analysis of 38 Case-Control Studies

• Published in: Frontiers in endocrinology (Lausanne) Vol. 12; p. 706964
• Main Authors: Wang, Kan, Ye, Fei, Chen, Yong, Xu, Jianxin, Zhao, Yufang, Wang, Yeping, Lan, Tian
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 07.09.2021
• Subjects: Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - genetics; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - pathology; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - virology; Endocrinology; Enterovirus - physiology; enterovirus infection; Enterovirus Infections - complications; Enterovirus Infections - virology; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; meta-analysis; odds ratio; Prognosis; type 1 diabetes; enterovirus infection; meta-analysis; type 1 diabetes; odds ratio; case-control studies
• ISSN: 1664-2392; 1664-2392
• DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.706964

The association between enterovirus infection and type 1 diabetes (T1D) is controversial, and this meta-analysis aimed to explore the correlation. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Database were searched from inception to April 2020. Studies were included if they could provide sufficient information to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. All analyses were performed using STATA 15.1. Thirty-eight studies, encompassing 5921 subjects (2841 T1D patients and 3080 controls), were included. The pooled analysis showed that enterovirus infection was associated with T1D ( < 0.001). Enterovirus infection was correlated with T1D in the European ( < 0.001), African ( = 0.002), Asian ( = 0.001), Australian ( = 0.011), and Latin American ( = 0.002) populations, but no conclusion could be reached for North America. The association between enterovirus infection and T1D was detected in blood and tissue samples (both < 0.001); no association was found in stool samples. Our findings suggest that enterovirus infection is associated with T1D.