Sharing CD4+ T Cell Loss: When COVID-19 and HIV Collide on Immune System

COVID-19 is a distinctive infection characterized by elevated inter-human transmission and presenting from absence of symptoms to severe cytokine storm that can lead to dismal prognosis. Like for HIV, lymphopenia and drastic reduction of CD4+ T cell counts in COVID-19 patients have been linked with...

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Published inFrontiers in immunology Vol. 11; p. 596631
Main Authors Peng, Xiaorong, Ouyang, Jing, Isnard, Stéphane, Lin, John, Fombuena, Brandon, Zhu, Biao, Routy, Jean-Pierre
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 15.12.2020
Subjects
CD4 exhaustion
CD4 Lymphocyte Count
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology
COVID-19
COVID-19 - immunology
COVID-19 - pathology
Cytokine Release Syndrome - immunology
Cytokine Release Syndrome - pathology
cytokine storm
Cytokines - blood
Dysbiosis - pathology
Gastrointestinal Microbiome - physiology
HIV
HIV Infections - immunology
HIV Infections - pathology
Humans
Immunology
leaky gut
Lymphopenia - pathology
SARS-CoV-2 - immunology
Tight Junctions - pathology
CD4 exhaustion
COVID-19
cytokine storm
HIV
leaky gut
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Summary:COVID-19 is a distinctive infection characterized by elevated inter-human transmission and presenting from absence of symptoms to severe cytokine storm that can lead to dismal prognosis. Like for HIV, lymphopenia and drastic reduction of CD4+ T cell counts in COVID-19 patients have been linked with poor clinical outcome. As CD4+ T cells play a critical role in orchestrating responses against viral infections, important lessons can be drawn by comparing T cell response in COVID-19 and in HIV infection and by studying HIV-infected patients who became infected by SARS-CoV-2. We critically reviewed host characteristics and hyper-inflammatory response in these two viral infections to have a better insight on the large difference in clinical outcome in persons being infected by SARS-CoV-2. The better understanding of mechanism of T cell dysfunction will contribute to the development of targeted therapy against severe COVID-19 and will help to rationally design vaccine involving T cell response for the long-term control of viral infection.
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This article was submitted to Viral Immunology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Immunology
Edited by: Monica Vaccari, Tulane University, United States
Reviewed by: Francesca Caccuri, University of Brescia, Italy; Nicholas Maness, Tulane University, United States
ISSN:1664-3224
1664-3224
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2020.596631