Modulation of Gut Microbiota to Enhance Effect of Checkpoint Inhibitor Immunotherapy

Accumulating evidence demonstrated the crucial role of gut microbiota in many human diseases, including cancer. Checkpoint inhibitor therapy has emerged as a novel treatment and has been clinically accepted as a major therapeutic strategy for cancer. Gut microbiota is related to cancer and the effec...

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Published inFrontiers in immunology Vol. 12; p. 669150
Main Authors Wu, Jianmin, Wang, Shan, Zheng, Bo, Qiu, Xinyao, Wang, Hongyang, Chen, Lei
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 29.06.2021
Subjects
Adaptive Immunity
Animals
Bacteria - immunology
cancer treatment
CTLA-4
Dysbiosis
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
Gastrointestinal Microbiome - immunology
Host-Pathogen Interactions
Humans
immune checkpoint inhibitor
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors - therapeutic use
Immunity, Innate
Immunology
Immunotherapy
Neoplasms - diet therapy
Neoplasms - drug therapy
Neoplasms - immunology
Neoplasms - microbiology
PD-1
Probiotics - therapeutic use
Treatment Outcome
tumor
tumor immunotherapy
Tumor Microenvironment - immunology
cancer treatment
immune checkpoint inhibitor
CTLA-4
PD-1
tumor
tumor immunotherapy
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Summary:Accumulating evidence demonstrated the crucial role of gut microbiota in many human diseases, including cancer. Checkpoint inhibitor therapy has emerged as a novel treatment and has been clinically accepted as a major therapeutic strategy for cancer. Gut microbiota is related to cancer and the effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and supplement with specific bacterial species can restore or enhance the responses to the ICIs. Namely, specified bacteria can serve as the biomarkers for distinguishing the patient who will respond to ICIs and determine the effectiveness of ICIs, as well as predicting the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy. Regardless of the significant findings, the relationship between gut microbiota and the effect of ICIs treatment needs a more thorough understanding to provide more effective therapeutic plans and reduce treatment complication. In this review, we summarized the role of gut microbiota played in immune system and cancer. We mainly focus on the relationship between gut microbiota and the checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy.
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Edited by: Alexandr Bazhin, LMU Munich University Hospital, Germany
Reviewed by: Ming Yi, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Chiao-En Wu, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan; Meriem Messaoudene, University of Montreal Hospital Centre (CRCHUM), Canada
This article was submitted to Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy, a section of the journal Frontiers in Immunology
ISSN:1664-3224
1664-3224
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2021.669150