Self-Esteem as a Complex Dynamic System: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Microlevel Dynamics

• Published in: Complexity (New York, N.Y.) Vol. 2018; no. 2018; pp. 1 - 19
• Main Authors: Kunnen, E. Saskia, van Geert, Paul L. C., Hollenstein, Tom, de Ruiter, Naomi M. P.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cairo, Egypt Hindawi Publishing Corporation 01.01.2018; Hindawi; John Wiley & Sons, Inc; Hindawi Limited; Hindawi-Wiley
• Subjects: Adolescents; Attractors (mathematics); Autonomy; Child development; Dynamical systems; Dynamics; Fractals; Mathematical models; Model testing; Peers; Personality; Real time; Self esteem; Self organizing maps; Social psychology; Theory; Time series; Netherlands
• ISSN: 1076-2787; 1099-0526
• DOI: 10.1155/2018/4781563

The variability of self-esteem is an important characteristic of self-esteem. However, little is known about the mechanisms that underlie it. The goal of the current study was to empirically explore these underlying mechanisms. It is commonly assumed that state self-esteem (the fleeting experience of the self) is a response to the immediate social context. Drawing from a complex dynamic systems perspective, the self-organizing self-esteem model asserts that this responsivity is not passive or stimulus-response like, but that the impact of the social context on state self-esteem is intimately connected to the intrinsic dynamics of self-esteem. The model suggests that intrinsic dynamics are the result of higher-order self-esteem attractors that can constrain state self-esteem variability. The current study tests this model, and more specifically, the prediction that state self-esteem variability is less influenced by changes in the immediate context if relatively strong, as opposed to weak, self-esteem attractors underlie intrinsic dynamics of self-esteem. To test this, parent-adolescent dyads (N=13, Mage=13.6) were filmed during seminaturalistic discussions. Observable components of adolescent state self-esteem were coded in real time, as well as real-time parental autonomy-support and relatedness. Kohonen’s self-organizing maps were used to derive attractor-like patterns: repeated higher-order patterns of adolescents’ self-esteem components. State space grids were used to assess how much adolescents’ self-esteem attractors constrained their state self-esteem variability. We found varying levels of attractor strength in our sample. In accordance with our prediction, we found that state self-esteem was less sensitive to changes in parental support and relatedness for adolescents with stronger self-esteem attractors. Discussion revolves around the implications of our findings for the ontology of self-esteem.