Recycled PET Composites Reinforced with Stainless Steel Lattice Structures Made by AM

• Published in: Polymers Vol. 15; no. 23; p. 4591
• Main Authors: Rusu, Mircea, Balc, Nicolae, Moldovan, Marioara, Cuc, Stanca, Petean, Ioan, Cosma, Cosmin, Leordean, Dan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 30.11.2023
• Subjects: 316L stainless steel; 3D printing; Additive manufacturing; Austenitic stainless steels; Composite materials; Compressive strength; Design; interpenetrating phase composites; Investigations; IPC; Mechanical properties; metal reinforcement; Methods; Modulus of elasticity; Polyethylene terephthalate; Polymers; Raw materials; recycled PET; Recycling; Scanning electron microscopy; Software; Solid phases; Stainless steel; Steel, Stainless; Structure; Tensors; Unevenness; Romania; United States > US; Germany; additive manufacturing; interpenetrating phase composites; metal reinforcement; 316L stainless steel; recycled PET; IPC
• ISSN: 2073-4360; 2073-4360
• DOI: 10.3390/polym15234591

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) recycling is one of the most important environmental issues, assuring a cleaner environment and reducing the carbon footprint of technological products, taking into account the quantities used year by year. The recycling possibilities depend on the quality of the collected material and on the targeted product. Current research aims to increase recycling quantities by putting together recycled PET in an innovative way as a filler for the additive manufactured metallic lattice structure. Starting from the structures mentioned above, a new range of composite materials was created: IPC (interpenetrating phase composites), materials with a complex architecture in which a solid phase, the reinforcement, is uniquely combined with the other phase, heated to the temperature of melting. The lattice structure was modeled by the intersection of two rings using Solid Works, which generates the lattice structure, which was further produced by an additive manufacturing technique from 316L stainless steel. The compressive strength shows low values for recycled PET, of about 26 MPa, while the stainless-steel lattice structure has about 47 MPa. Recycled PET molding into the lattice structure increases its compressive strength at 53 MPa. The Young's moduli are influenced by the recycled PET reinforcement by an increase from about 1400 MPa for the bare lattice structure to about 1750 MPa for the reinforced structure. This sustains the idea that recycled PET improves the composite elastic behavior due to its superior Young's modulus of about 1570 MPa, acting synergically with the stainless-steel lattice structure. The morphology was investigated with SEM microscopy, revealing the binding ability of recycled PET to the 316L surface, assuring a coherent composite. The failure was also investigated using SEM microscopy, revealing that the microstructural unevenness may act as a local tensor, which promotes the interfacial failure within local de-laminations that weakens the composite, which finally breaks.