Extracellular Vesicles in Musculoskeletal Pathologies and Regeneration

The incidence of musculoskeletal diseases is steadily increasing with aging of the population. In the past years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained attention in musculoskeletal research. EVs have been associated with various musculoskeletal pathologies as well as suggested as treatment option...

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Published inFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology Vol. 8; p. 624096
Main Authors Herrmann, Marietta, Diederichs, Solvig, Melnik, Svitlana, Riegger, Jana, Trivanović, Drenka, Li, Shushan, Jenei-Lanzl, Zsuzsa, Brenner, Rolf E, Huber-Lang, Markus, Zaucke, Frank, Schildberg, Frank A, Grässel, Susanne
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 20.01.2021
Subjects
Bioengineering and Biotechnology
cell-free therapeutics
exosomes
extracellular vesicles
iMP
MSC
musculoskeletal diseases
extracellular vesicles
MSC
iMP
exosomes
musculoskeletal diseases
cell-free therapeutics
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Summary:The incidence of musculoskeletal diseases is steadily increasing with aging of the population. In the past years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained attention in musculoskeletal research. EVs have been associated with various musculoskeletal pathologies as well as suggested as treatment option. EVs play a pivotal role in communication between cells and their environment. Thereby, the EV cargo is highly dependent on their cellular origin. In this review, we summarize putative mechanisms by which EVs can contribute to musculoskeletal tissue homeostasis, regeneration and disease, in particular matrix remodeling and mineralization, pro-angiogenic effects and immunomodulatory activities. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) present the most frequently used cell source for EV generation for musculoskeletal applications, and herein we discuss how the MSC phenotype can influence the cargo and thus the regenerative potential of EVs. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells (iMPs) may overcome current limitations of MSCs, and iMP-derived EVs are discussed as an alternative strategy. In the last part of the article, we focus on therapeutic applications of EVs and discuss both practical considerations for EV production and the current state of EV-based therapies.
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Reviewed by: Wei Seong Toh, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Santiago Roura, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute (IGTP), Spain
Edited by: Pedro M. Baptista, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
This article was submitted to Preclinical Cell and Gene Therapy, a section of the journal Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
ISSN:2296-4185
2296-4185
DOI:10.3389/fbioe.2020.624096