An Updated Review of Genetic Associations With Severe Adverse Drug Reactions: Translation and Implementation of Pharmacogenomic Testing in Clinical Practice

• Published in: Frontiers in pharmacology Vol. 13; p. 886377
• Main Authors: Wang, Chuang-Wei, Preclaro, Ivan Arni C., Lin, Wei-Hsiang, Chung, Wen-Hung
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 25.04.2022
• Subjects: adverse drug reactions; CYP; drug transporter; drug-induced liver injury; human leukocyte antigens; Pharmacology; stevens-johnson syndrome; drug-induced liver injury; adverse drug reactions; stevens-johnson syndrome; human leukocyte antigens; CYP; drug transporter; toxic epidermal necrolysis
• ISSN: 1663-9812; 1663-9812
• DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.886377

Adverse drug reactions (ADR) remain the major problems in healthcare. Most severe ADR are unpredictable, dose-independent and termed as type B idiosyncratic reactions. Recent pharmacogenomic studies have demonstrated the strong associations between severe ADR and genetic markers, including specific HLA alleles (e.g., HLA-B*15:02/HLA-B*57:01/HLA-A*31:01 for carbamazepine-induced severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions [SCAR], HLA-B*58:01 for allopurinol-SCAR, HLA-B*57:01 for abacavir-hypersensitivity, HLA-B*13:01 for dapsone/co-trimoxazole-induced SCAR, and HLA-A*33:01 for terbinafine-induced liver injury), drug metabolism enzymes (such as CYP2C9*3 for phenytoin-induced SCAR and missense variant of TPMT / NUDT15 for thiopurine-induced leukopenia), drug transporters (e.g., SLCO1B1 polymorphism for statin-induced myopathy), and T cell receptors (Sulfanilamide binding into the CDR3/Vα of the TCR 1.3). This mini review article aims to summarize the current knowledge of pharmacogenomics of severe ADR, and the potentially clinical use of these genetic markers for avoidance of ADR.