Post-Translational Modifications of Proteins in Cytosolic Nucleic Acid Sensing Signaling Pathways

The innate immune response is the first-line host defense against pathogens. Cytosolic nucleic acids, including both DNA and RNA, represent a special type of danger signal to initiate an innate immune response. Activation of cytosolic nucleic acid sensors is tightly controlled in order to achieve th...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inFrontiers in immunology Vol. 13; p. 898724
Main Authors Deng, Yu, Wang, Ying, Li, Lupeng, Miao, Edward A, Liu, Pengda
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 20.06.2022
Subjects
DNA - metabolism
DNA sensing
enzymes
Immunology
innate immunity
Nucleic Acids
post-translational modifications
Protein Processing, Post-Translational
RNA - metabolism
RNA sensing
Signal Transduction
RNA sensing
enzymes
post-translational modifications
innate immunity
DNA sensing
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Summary:The innate immune response is the first-line host defense against pathogens. Cytosolic nucleic acids, including both DNA and RNA, represent a special type of danger signal to initiate an innate immune response. Activation of cytosolic nucleic acid sensors is tightly controlled in order to achieve the high sensitivity needed to combat infection while simultaneously preventing false activation that leads to pathologic inflammatory diseases. In this review, we focus on post-translational modifications of key cytosolic nucleic acid sensors that can reversibly or irreversibly control these sensor functions. We will describe phosphorylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, neddylation, acetylation, methylation, succinylation, glutamylation, amidation, palmitoylation, and oxidation modifications events (including modified residues, modifying enzymes, and modification function). Together, these post-translational regulatory modifications on key cytosolic DNA/RNA sensing pathway members reveal a complicated yet elegantly controlled multilayer regulator network to govern innate immune activation.
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These authors have contributed equally to this work
This article was submitted to Molecular Innate Immunity, a section of the journal Frontiers in Immunology
Edited by: Brian J. Ferguson, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
Reviewed by: Carlos Maluquer De Motes, University of Surrey, United Kingdom; Jianzhong Zhu, Yangzhou University, China
ISSN:1664-3224
1664-3224
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2022.898724