The Ringleaders: Understanding the Apicomplexan Basal Complex Through Comparison to Established Contractile Ring Systems

The actomyosin contractile ring is a key feature of eukaryotic cytokinesis, conserved across many eukaryotic kingdoms. Recent research into the cell biology of the divergent eukaryotic clade Apicomplexa has revealed a contractile ring structure required for asexual division in the medically relevant...

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Published inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology Vol. 11; p. 656976
Main Authors Morano, Alexander A, Dvorin, Jeffrey D
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 19.04.2021
Subjects
actomyosin
Apicomplexans
basal complex
Cellular and Infection Microbiology
contractile ring
cytokinesis
division
division
schizogony
contractile ring
endodyogeny
actomyosin
cytokinesis
Apicomplexans
basal complex
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Summary:The actomyosin contractile ring is a key feature of eukaryotic cytokinesis, conserved across many eukaryotic kingdoms. Recent research into the cell biology of the divergent eukaryotic clade Apicomplexa has revealed a contractile ring structure required for asexual division in the medically relevant genera and ; however, the structure of the contractile ring, known as the basal complex in these parasites, remains poorly characterized and in the absence of a myosin II homolog, it is unclear how the force required of a cytokinetic contractile ring is generated. Here, we review the literature on the basal complex in Apicomplexans, summarizing what is known about its formation and function, and attempt to provide possible answers to this question and suggest new avenues of study by comparing the Apicomplexan basal complex to well-studied, established cytokinetic contractile rings and their mechanisms in organisms such as and . We also compare the basal complex to structures formed during mitochondrial and plastid division and cytokinetic mechanisms of organisms beyond the Opisthokonts, considering Apicomplexan diversity and divergence.
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This article was submitted to Parasite and Host, a section of the journal Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
Edited by: Catherine J. Merrick, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
Reviewed by: Maria E. Francia, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Uruguay; Aoife Heaslip, University of Connecticut, United States
ISSN:2235-2988
2235-2988
DOI:10.3389/fcimb.2021.656976