Advances in Hypofractionated Irradiation-Induced Immunosuppression of Tumor Microenvironment

Hypofractionated radiotherapy is external beam irradiation delivered at higher doses in fewer fractions than conventional standard radiotherapy, which can stimulate innate and adaptive immunity to enhance the body's immune response against cancer. The enhancement effect of hypofractionated irra...

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Published inFrontiers in immunology Vol. 11; p. 612072
Main Author Wang, Yuxia
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 25.01.2021
Subjects
hypofractionated irradiation
immune microenvironment
Immunology
immunosuppression
radiotherapy
tumor
radiotherapy
immunosuppression
immune microenvironment
hypofractionated irradiation
tumor
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Summary:Hypofractionated radiotherapy is external beam irradiation delivered at higher doses in fewer fractions than conventional standard radiotherapy, which can stimulate innate and adaptive immunity to enhance the body's immune response against cancer. The enhancement effect of hypofractionated irradiation to immune response has been widely investigated, which is considered an approach to expand the benefit of immunotherapy. Meanwhile, increasing evidence suggests that hypofractionated irradiation may induce or enhance the suppression of immune microenvironments. However, the suppressive effects of hypofractionated irradiation on immunomicroenvironment and the molecular mechanisms involved in these conditions are largely unknown. In this context, we summarized the immune mechanisms associated with hypofractionated irradiation, highlighted the advances in its immunosuppressive effect, and further discussed the potential mechanism behind this effect. In our opinion, besides its immunogenic activity, hypofractionated irradiation also triggers homeostatic immunosuppressive mechanisms that may counterbalance antitumor effects. And this may suggest that a combination with immunotherapy could possibly improve the curative potential of hypofractionated radiotherapy.
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Edited by: Huanfa Yi, Jilin University, China
Reviewed by: Kawaljit Kaur, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; Yuzhu Hou, University of Chicago, United States
This article was submitted to Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy, a section of the journal Frontiers in Immunology
ISSN:1664-3224
1664-3224
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2020.612072