Patterns of Insulin Secretion During First-Phase Insulin Secretion in Normal Chinese Adults

• Published in: Frontiers in endocrinology (Lausanne) Vol. 12; p. 738427
• Main Authors: Yuan, Tao, Song, Shuoning, Zhao, Tianyi, Duo, Yanbei, Wang, Shihan, Gao, Junxiang, Liu, Shixuan, Dong, Yingyue, Li, Rui, Fu, Yong, Zhao, Weigang
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 17.11.2021
• Subjects: Adult; Blood Glucose - analysis; China; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood; Endocrinology; Female; first-phase insulin secretion; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Insulin Resistance - physiology; Insulin Secretion - physiology; insulin sensitivity; intravenous glucose tolerance test; Male; Middle Aged; normal glucose tolerance; Prediabetic State - blood; Risk Assessment; type 2 diabetes mellitus; Young Adult; China; type 2 diabetes mellitus; first-phase insulin secretion; insulin sensitivity; normal glucose tolerance; intravenous glucose tolerance test
• ISSN: 1664-2392; 1664-2392
• DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.738427

The increase in diabetes worldwide is alarming. Decreased acute insulin response to intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) during first-phase insulin secretion (FPIS) is a characteristic of diabetes. However, knowledge of the insulin secretion characteristics identified by different time to glucose peak in subjects with different metabolic state is sparse. This study aimed to find different patterns of FPIS in subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and analyzed the relationship between insulin secretion patterns and the risk for development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 126 subjects were divided into three groups during a 10-min IVGTT, including NGT with time to glucose peak after 3 min (G1, n = 21), NGT with time to glucose peak at 3 min (G2, n = 95), and prediabetes or diabetes with time to glucose peak at 3 min (G3, n = 10). Glucose, insulin, and C-peptide concentrations at 0, 3, 5, 7, and 10 min during the IVGTT were tested. IVGTT-based indices were calculated to evaluate the insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity. Age, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, triglyceride (TG), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of subjects were gradually higher, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was gradually lower from G1 to G3 ( for linear trend <0.05), and the differences between G1 and G2 were also statistically significant ( < 0.05). Glucose peak of most participants in G1 converged at 5 min, and the curves shape of insulin and C-peptide in G2 were the sharpest among three groups. There was no significant difference in all IVGTT-based indices between G1 and G2, but AUC , AUC /AUC , and △Ins /△Glu in G2 were the highest, and the value for linear trend of those indices among three groups were statistically significant ( < 0.05). Two patterns of FPIS were in subjects with NGT, while subjects with later time to glucose peak during FPIS might be less likely to develop T2DM in the future.