Variations in lead, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury concentrations during honeybee wax processing using casting technology

Beeswax foundations are a necessary material in intensive modern beekeeping. Heavy metals can accumulate in these foundations for decades, as it is a common beekeeping practice to recycle wax. Beeswax samples were analysed using GFAAS for As, Cd, Pb, and Hg concentrations during the production of be...

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Published inArhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju Vol. 67; no. 3; pp. 223 - 228
Main Authors Tlak Gajger, Ivana, Kosanović, Marina, Bilandžić, Nina, Sedak, Marija, Čalopek, Bruno
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Croatia De Gruyter Open 01.09.2016
Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health
Subjects
Animals
arsenic
Arsenic - analysis
Bees
beeswax
cadmium
Cadmium - analysis
comb foundations
Croatia
Environmental Monitoring
lead
Lead - analysis
mercury
Mercury - analysis
Metals, Heavy - analysis
Waxes - chemistry
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Summary:Beeswax foundations are a necessary material in intensive modern beekeeping. Heavy metals can accumulate in these foundations for decades, as it is a common beekeeping practice to recycle wax. Beeswax samples were analysed using GFAAS for As, Cd, Pb, and Hg concentrations during the production of beeswax foundations using casting technology with a prolonged cooling and sedimentation phase. Significant differences were determined in the concentrations of As, Cd, Pb (p<0.01, all), and Hg (p<0.05) between the three levels of wax in a double-walled steel casting container and comb foundations (CF) during the processing stage. Concentrations (mg kg ) of the examined metals in comb foundations as the final product ranged as follows: As 0.01-0.88; Cd 1.26-3.55; Pb 82.5-171, and Hg 0.29-1.46. All examined element concentrations demonstrated similar distribution and ratio in different layers, ranging from the lowest concentrations in layers from which wax material is used for comb foundations as the final product, to the highest concentrations in sedimented layer, which represents waste. The obtained results suggest that the described method could effectively eliminate a significant amount of heavy metals from the initial material used for the production of new beeswax foundations.
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ISSN:0004-1254
1848-6312
0004-1254
DOI:10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2780