In vitro investigation of antimicrobial effects, nanohardness, and cytotoxicity of different glass ionomer restorative materials in dentistry

• Published in: Nigerian journal of clinical practice Vol. 22; no. 3; pp. 422 - 431
• Main Authors: Cosgun, A, Bolgul, B, Duran, N
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: India Wolters Kluwer India Pvt. Ltd 01.03.2019; Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd
• Subjects: Anti-infective agents; Anti-Infective Agents - chemistry; Anti-Infective Agents - pharmacology; Anti-Infective Agents - toxicity; Candida albicans - drug effects; Cell Survival - drug effects; Glass Ionomer Cements - chemistry; Glass Ionomer Cements - pharmacology; Glass Ionomer Cements - toxicity; Hardness; Humans; Lactobacillus casei - drug effects; Medical research; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Pediatric dentistry; Streptococcus mutans - drug effects; Zirconium; glass-ionomer cement; Antimicrobial activity; nanohardness; cytotoxicity
• ISSN: 1119-3077
• DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_429_18

Aims: The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the antimicrobial effects, nanohardness, and cytotoxicity of different glass-ionomer restorative materials in dentistry. Materials and Methods: The following glass-ionomer restorative materials were used in our study: Argion (VOCO, Germany), Zirconomer (Shofu Inc., Japan), EQUIA Forte (GC, Japan), Fuji II LC capsule (GC, Japan), and Fuji IX GP capsule (GC, Japan). For the cytotoxicity test, a cell culture without release liquids was used as the control group. Microdilution and a disk diffusion test were used to measure the antimicrobial activity. The MTT (3- [4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl] -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay was used to evaluate cytotoxicity. Nanohardness was measured using a nanoindenter device. Results: Our study determined that all restorative materials used in this study inhibited bacterial growth in cultures containing 1 × 102 cfu/ml of the bacterial concentrations (Lactobacillus casei and Streptococcus mutans) and that all restorative materials inhibited fungal growth in the cultures containing <1 × 102 cfu/ml of the fungal strains (Candida albicans). IC50 values obtained for the cytotoxicity test were analyzed using the Chi-square test. After a 72-h incubation period, Zirconomer, EQUIA Forte, Fuji IX GP capsule, and Fuji II LG capsule showed statistically significant lower cell viability values. (P < 0.05). The Kruskal-Wallis analysis was performed on the values obtained from the nanohardness test; the differences between the groups were found to be significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions: All materials tested showed low antimicrobial activity, and the antifungal activity of these materials was found to be lower than their antimicrobial activity. Only Argion showed non-cytotoxic effect. Beginning with the group with the highest nanohardness values and ending with the lowest, the groups are ranked in the following order: Fuji II LC capsule, EQUIA Forte, Argion, Fuji IX GP capsule, and Zirconomer.