A new look at the role of nitric oxide in preeclampsia: Protein S-nitrosylation

• Published in: Pregnancy hypertension Vol. 29; pp. 14 - 20
• Main Authors: Rezeck Nunes, Priscila, Cezar Pinheiro, Lucas, Zanetoni Martins, Laisla, Alan Dias-Junior, Carlos, Carolina Taveiros Palei, Ana, Cristina Sandrim, Valeria
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.08.2022
• Subjects: Endothelial cells; Endothelial Cells - metabolism; Endothelial dysfunction; Female; Humans; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide - metabolism; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III - metabolism; Nitrosylation; NOS; Oxidation-Reduction; Pre-Eclampsia - metabolism; Preeclampsia; Proteins; S-nitrosothiols; S-Nitrosothiols - metabolism; SNOs; NOS; Preeclampsia; Endothelial dysfunction; Nitrosylation; SNOs; Nitric Oxide; S-nitrosothiols; Endothelial cells
• ISSN: 2210-7789; 2210-7797
• DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2022.05.008

•Protein S-nitrosylation status depends on the balance between S-nitrosylation and denitrosylation pathways.•S-nitrosylation can modulate NO availability with potential impact in PE.•The elucidation of this process in PE may assist with the development of drugs that modulate S-nitrosylation for the treatment of PE patients. The formation of S-nitrosothiols (SNOs) occurs with the reaction of nitric oxide (NO) and free thiol groups in proteins. This process, called S-nitrosylation, allows NO to interfere with or even modulate a variety of cellular functions, culminating with the modification of protein trafficking, redox state, and cell cycle. Furthermore, NO plays a role in modulating a wide range of functions in endothelial cells specifically, including inflammation, apoptosis, permeability, migration, and cell growth. As such, NO acts as a mediator in several physiological processes. The interaction between endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and proteins that are to be targeted for S-nitrosylation is a key determinant of the specificity of NO signaling. Deficits in the bioavailability of NO have been associated with pregnancy-related disorders, such as preeclampsia (PE). The study of S-nitrosylation in PE, as well as the identification of targeted proteins, may contribute to a better understanding of its pathophysiology and the development of drugs for the treatment of PE patients. In this review, we aimed to present the mechanism of S-nitrosylation, the regulatory pathways, and some proteins by which S-nitrosylation can modulate NO availability with a potential impact on PE.